Clinical presentation, genetic etiology and outcome associated with fetal cardiomyopathy: comparison of two eras.

Objective: To assess the rate and type of genetic diagnosis and clinical outcome of cases of fetal cardiomyopathy (CM) during two eras, in order to examine the impact of advanced genetic testing and improved perinatal management strategies.

Methods: All diagnoses of fetal CM in Alberta, Canada, encountered between 2003 and 2019, were reviewed retrospectively. Genetic, cardiac and non-cardiac diagnoses and clinical outcome were documented.

Utility of 3D printed cardiac models in congenital heart disease: a scoping review.

Objective: Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is a novel technology with applications in healthcare, particularly for congenital heart disease (CHD). We sought to explore the spectrum of use of 3D printed CHD models (3D-CM) and identify knowledge gaps within the published body of literature to guide future research.

Methods: We conducted a scoping review targeting published literature on the use of 3D-CMs.

Physiology and Pathophysiology of Sodium Channel Inactivation.

Voltage-gated sodium channels are present in different tissues within the human body, predominantly nerve, muscle, and heart. The sodium channel is composed of four similar domains, each containing six transmembrane segments. Each domain can be functionally organized into a voltage-sensing region and a pore region.