Telmisartan metformin in downregulating myostatin gene expression and enhancing insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscles of type 2 diabetic rat model.

Telmisartan is an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) that specifically blocks angiotensin II type-1 receptors (AT1R). Telmisartan has been proven to have antidiabetic effects via a variety of mechanisms, and it can be utilized in some diabetic patients due to its dual benefit for hypertensive patients with type 2 DM (T2DM) and when the other oral antidiabetic medications are intolerable or contraindicated. However, its precise underlying hypoglycemic mechanism is still obscure.

Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. It is not only associated with liver-related mortality and morbidity but is a multisystem disease that affects multiple extra-hepatic organ systems, such as the kidneys and cardiovascular system. Our study was conducted to evaluate the possible relationship between NAFLD and the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) development.

The Exposome and Nutritional Pharmacology and Toxicology: A New Application for Metabolomics.

The exposome refers to all of the internal and external life-long exposures that an individual experiences. These exposures, either acute or chronic, are associated with changes in metabolism that will positively or negatively influence the health and well-being of individuals. Nutrients and other dietary compounds modulate similar biochemical processes and have the potential in some cases to counteract the negative effects of exposures or enhance their beneficial effects.

Queueing theory model of mTOR complexes' impact on Akt-mediated adipocytes response to insulin.

A queueing theory based model of mTOR complexes impact on Akt-mediated cell response to insulin is presented in this paper. The model includes several aspects including the effect of insulin on the transport of glucose from the blood into the adipocytes with the participation of GLUT4, and the role of the GAPDH enzyme as a regulator of mTORC1 activity. A genetic algorithm was used to optimize the model parameters.

Intermittent fasting and time-restricted eating role in dietary interventions and precision nutrition.

Intermittent fasting (IF), time-restricted eating (TRE) and fasting-mimicking diets (FMD) are gaining popularity as weight loss programs. As such, the timing and frequency of meals have been recognized as essential contributors to improving cardiometabolic health and a role as adjuvant therapy in cancer. Randomized controlled trials suggested that the weight loss associated with IF is due to a reduced energy intake due to time restriction.

Distance to Health Care Facilities, Lifestyle Risk Factors, and Stage at Diagnosis in relation to Geographic Pattern of Esophageal Cancer in Tanzania, 2006-2016.

Esophageal cancer is an aggressive, often deadly disease globally that represents a significant health problem in Tanzania. The WHO reported 604,100 new esophageal cancer cases worldwide during 2020 and 544,076 deaths (Sung, 2021; World Health Organization, 2020). In Eastern Africa, 16,137 cases and 15,188 deaths were related to this disease in 2020.

Long Non-Coding RNAs ASB16-AS1 and AFAP1-AS1: Diagnostic, Prognostic Impact and Survival Analysis in Colorectal Cancer.

Background: We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic roles of AFAP1-AS1 and ASB16-AS1 in colorectal cancer and highlight their roles in predicting colorectal cancer patients' prognosis.

Methods: In this case-control study, 146 participants were involved. Group I included 47 patients with CRC.

mTORC1 and mTORC2 Complexes Regulate the Untargeted Metabolomics and Amino Acid Metabolites Profile through Mitochondrial Bioenergetic Functions in Pancreatic Beta Cells.

Background: Pancreatic beta cells regulate bioenergetics efficiency and secret insulin in response to glucose and nutrient availability. The mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) network orchestrates pancreatic progenitor cell growth and metabolism by nucleating two complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2. Objective: To determine the impact of mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibition on amino acid metabolism in mouse pancreatic beta cells (Beta-TC-6 cells, ATCC-CRL-11506) using high-resolution metabolomics (HRM) and live-mitochondrial functions.

Insulin Receptor Genetic Variants Causal Association with Type 2 Diabetes: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a prevalent chronic disease associated with several comorbidities.

Objectives: This study investigated whether the risk of T2D varied with genetically predicted insulin (INS), insulin receptor (INS-R), or insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) using genetic variants in a Mendelian randomization (MR) study.

Methods: A 2-sample MR study was conducted using summary statistics from 2 genome-wide association studies (GWASs).

Causal association between mTOR-dependent EIF-4E and EIF-4A circulating protein levels and type 2 diabetes: a Mendelian randomization study.

The mammalian Target of Rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) nutrient-sensing pathway is a central regulator of cell growth and metabolism and is dysregulated in diabetes. The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (EIF-4E) protein, a key regulator of gene translation and protein function, is controlled by mTORC1 and EIF-4E Binding Proteins (EIF4EBPs). Both EIF4EBPs and ribosomal protein S6K kinase (RP-S6K) are downstream effectors regulated by mTORC1 but converge to regulate two independent pathways.

The Synergistic Effect of an ATP-Competitive Inhibitor of mTOR and Metformin on Pancreatic Tumor Growth.

Background: The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a nutrient-sensing pathway and a key regulator of amino acid and glucose metabolism. Dysregulation of the mTOR pathways is implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and pancreatic cancer.

Objectives: We investigated the impact of inhibition of mTORC1/mTORC2 and synergism with metformin on pancreatic tumor growth and metabolomics.

Nano-curcumin versus curcumin in amelioration of deltamethrin-induced hippocampal damage.

We aimed to prove that oxidative stress is the main mechanism responsible for hippocampal neurotoxicity induced by deltamethrin (DLM). The protective role of curcumin (CMN) and nano-curcumin (NCMN) over this toxicity was studied. The rats were categorized into four groups: control, DLM, CMN and NCMN.

Effect of nebivolol on altered skeletal and cardiac muscles induced by dyslipidemia in rats: impact on oxidative and inflammatory machineries.

Aim: High cholesterol diet is greatly linked to deleterious health consequences. In this work we tried to explore direct effects of high cholesterol diet on striated (skeletal and cardiac) muscle tissues and the mechanisms by which nebivolol could improve such harmful effects.

Methods: The study included 24 healthy adult male albino rats weighing 200-220 grams that were assigned into four groups: control group, control drug group, high cholesterol diet fed groups; one untreated the other was treated with nebivolol.

Dietary Fiber, Atherosclerosis, and Cardiovascular Disease.

Observational studies have shown that dietary fiber intake is associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease. Dietary fiber is a non-digestible form of carbohydrates, due to the lack of the digestive enzyme in humans required to digest fiber. Dietary fibers and lignin are intrinsic to plants and are classified according to their water solubility properties as either soluble or insoluble fibers.

Interrelation of liver vascularity to non-alcoholic fatty liver through a comparative study of the vasodilator effect of carvedilol or nicorandil in rats.

Aim: An experimental study of the effect of two vasodilators, carvedilol (B blocker with alpha-antagonist) and nicorandil (NO donor) on nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) induced by hypercholesterolemia and fatty diet in rats through studying the possible anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms.

Main Methods: The rats were divided into 4 groups (6 rats each): The first (negative control group). The second, third and fourth groups were fed with cholesterol and fat- enriched diet for one month that stopped and continued on the standard diet for another month without treatment in the second group but treated with carvedilol and nicorandil in the third and fourth group respectively.

Quantification of Lutein + Zeaxanthin Presence in Human Placenta and Correlations with Blood Levels and Maternal Dietary Intake.

Lutein + zeaxanthin (L + Z) are carotenoids recognized in eye health, but less is known about their status during pregnancy. While quantified in maternal and umbilical cord blood, they have never been analyzed in placenta. The purpose of this study is to quantify combined L + Z concentrations in human placenta and correlate with levels in maternal dietary intake, maternal serum, and umbilical cord blood.

Wellness programme at the workplace promotes dietary change and improves health indicators in a longitudinal retrospective study.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of a workplace wellness programme intervention in improving participants' behaviour towards choosing a healthy diet and the correlation with health indicators.

Design: A retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Wellness programme in the Midwest, USA.

Dietary Cholesterol and the Lack of Evidence in Cardiovascular Disease.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States. For years, dietary cholesterol was implicated in increasing blood cholesterol levels leading to the elevated risk of CVD. To date, extensive research did not show evidence to support a role of dietary cholesterol in the development of CVD.

Dexmedetomidine and propofol sedation requirements in an autistic rat model.

Background: Autism is a challenging neurodevelopmental disorder. Previous clinical observations have suggested altered sedation requirements for children with autism. Our study aimed to test this observation experimentally in an animal model and to explore its possible mechanisms.

Differences in Expression in Pancreatic Cancers and Pancreatic Cysts in Egypt.

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth cause of cancer deaths in the U.S. with most patients diagnosed at advanced stages followed by short survival.

Longitudinal associations between body mass index, physical activity, and healthy dietary behaviors in adults: A parallel latent growth curve modeling approach.

Background: Physical activity (PA) and healthy dietary behaviors (HDB) are two well-documented lifestyle factors influencing body mass index (BMI). This study examined 7-year longitudinal associations between changes in PA, HDB, and BMI among adults using a parallel latent growth curve modeling (LGCM).

Methods: We used prospective cohort data collected by a private company (SimplyWell LLC, Omaha, NE, USA) implementing a workplace health screening program.

Effects of Metformin and a Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) ATP-Competitive Inhibitor on Targeted Metabolomics in Pancreatic Cancer Cell Line.

Pancreatic Cancer (PC) is a devastating lethal disease. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new intervention strategies. The mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) is a conserved kinase and master regulator of metabolism and cell growth.