Over-the-Counter Medication Use among Parents in Saudi Arabia.

Introduction: Self-medication is a growing public health concern worldwide. Studies have shown a gap between best practice and the current practice of using over-the-counter (OTC) medications. Despite being a well-recognised problem in Saudi Arabia, few studies have investigated OTC medication use in Saudi Arabia.

A case of papillary hyperplasia of thyroid misdiagnosed as papillary thyroid carcinoma: Case report and review of literature.

Overdiagnosis of papillary thyroid hyperplasia which may mimic papillary thyroid carcinoma in fine-needle aspiration and frozen section has a serious impact on the patient. Therefore, it is important to know the difference between them to avoid over or undertreatment.

Comparing the renoprotective effects of the antioxidants melatonin, vitamin D and vitamin E in diabetic rats.

Objectives: Diabetes mellitus is associated with oxidative stress that leads to inflammation and diabetic nephropathy. This study aimed to determine the possible renoprotective effects of the antioxidants melatonin, vitamin D and vitamin E in diabetic rats.

Methods: We divided 108 albino rats into 12 groups.

Effect of melatonin versus vitamin D as antioxidant and Hepatoprotective agents in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious chronic disease, with multiple complications including hepatopathy associated with imbalance of the oxidative status. The purpose of this study is to observe possible protective effects of vitamin-D and melatonin on glucose profile, antioxidant-oxidant status, lipid peroxidation, and histopathological protection of the liver in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Methods: Eighty three male albino rats were divided into nine groups as follows: ( = 10) Normal control rats; ( = 8) were normal rats treated with melatonin only; ( = 10) were normal rats treated with vitamin D only; ( = 9) were diabetic rats, which received no medications; ( = 8) were diabetic rat treated with insulin only; ( = 10) were diabetic rats treated with melatonin only; ( = 9) were diabetic rats treated with melatonin and insulin; ( = 9) were diabetic rats treated with vitamin D only; ( = 10) were diabetic rats treated with vitamin D and insulin.

Comparative immunohistochemical expression of β-catenin, EGFR, ErbB2, and p63 in adamantinomatous and papillary craniopharyngiomas.

Unlabelled: Craniopharyngiomas (CPs) are rare epithelial tumors located mainly in the sellar/parasellar region. CPs have been classified into histopathologically, genetically, clinically and prognostically two distinctive subtypes: adamantinomatous and papillary variants.

Aim: To determine the immunohistochemical expression of β-catenin, EGFR, ErbB2, and p63 in adamantinomatous and papillary CPs.

Integrative bioinformatics links HNF1B with clear cell carcinoma and tumor-associated thrombosis.

Clear cell carcinoma (CCC) is a histologically distinct carcinoma subtype that arises in several organ systems and is marked by cytoplasmic clearing, attributed to abundant intracellular glycogen. Previously, transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-beta (HNF1B) was identified as a biomarker of ovarian CCC. Here, we set out to explore more broadly the relation between HNF1B and carcinomas with clear cell histology.

ProExC is a novel marker for distinguishing between primary endometrial and endocervical adenocarcinomas.

Background: Distinguishing endocervical adenocarcinoma (ECA) from endometrial adenocarcinoma (EMA) is clinically significant and cannot always be made on the basis of morphology alone or clinical findings. The aim of this study was to study the potential utility of ProExC as a new marker for cervical adenocarcinoma, and to evaluate a panel of monoclonal antibodies composed of p16, ER, PR, and vimentin, and assess their diagnostic value in distinguishing between ECA and EMA.

Methods: Immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies to ProExC, p16, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and vimentin, was performed to examine 30 cases, including 10 ECAs and 20 EMAs.

Expression of the urothelial differentiation markers GATA3 and placental S100 (S100P) in female genital tract transitional cell proliferations.

The degree of urothelial differentiation in putative transitional (urothelial) proliferations in the female genital tract is still controversial. To further investigate the similarities (or dissimilarities) between female genital tract transitional proliferations and bladder urothelium, we evaluated the expression of S100P and GATA3, 2 proteins that we previously found to be strongly expressed in bladder urothelial tumors, in 25 benign ovarian Brenner tumors, 19 Walthard cell nests (17 tubal and 2 ovarian hilus), 1 mature teratoma with a benign urothelial proliferation, 2 proliferating (borderline) ovarian Brenner tumors, 1 malignant Brenner tumor, and 12 ovarian transitional cell carcinomas (TCC). Each lesion was also evaluated for p63 expression by immunohistochemistry.

Oncofetal protein glypican-3 distinguishes yolk sac tumor from clear cell carcinoma of the ovary.

Clear cell carcinoma (CCC) of the ovary is the surface epithelial neoplasm most often confused with primitive germ cell tumors, particularly yolk sac tumor (YST) and dysgerminoma. OCT3/4 has proven to be a sensitive and relatively specific marker for the latter entity, but existing markers for YST are limited. Recent studies suggest that glypican-3 (GPC3), an oncofetal protein expressed in fetal liver and malignant tumors of hepatocytic lineage, is also expressed in germ cell tumors, particularly YST.