Comparison of speciated arsenic levels in the liver and brain of mice between arsenate and arsenite exposure at the early life.

The aim of this study was to compare the risk from exposure to arsenate (iAs(V) ) or arsenite (iAs(III) ) at the early life. Mother mice were exposed to equimolar dose of iAs(V) and iAs(III) via drinking water during gestation and lactation. Their offspring continually drank the same water after weaning.

[Influence of 1, 2-dichloroethane on open field behavior and levels of neurotransmitters in brain of mice].

Objective: To explore the effects of 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) on the behavior and the brain neurotransmitter levels in mice.

Methods: Thirty mice were randomly divided into four groups, which were control group and groups of low, middle and high exposure (225, 450 and 900 mg/m3) to 1,2-DCE for 10 days (3.5 h a day) by inhalation.

Effects of arsenite on glutamate metabolism in primary cultured astrocytes.

The aim of this study was to explore the mechanisms that contribute to neurotoxicity induced by arsenite exposure focusing on the alteration of glutamate metabolism in primary cultured astrocytes. The cells were exposed to 0-30μM arsenite for 24h, and then cell viability, intracellular nonprotein sulfhydryl (NPSH) levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, activity of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate transporter (GLAST and GLT-1), and protein expression of GS, GLAST and GLT-1 were examined. Compared with those in control, exposure to arsenite resulted in damages of astrocytes in a concentration dependent manner, which were shown by cell viabilities, and supported by morphological observation, mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular NPSH levels.

Effects of exogenous methionine on arsenic burden and NO metabolism in brain of mice exposed to arsenite through drinking water.

The aim of this study was to explore the effects of exogenous methionine (Met) on arsenic burden and metabolism of nitric oxide (NO) in the brain of mice exposed to arsenite via drinking water. Mice were exposed to sodium arsenite through drinking water contaminated with 50 mg/L arsenic for four consecutive weeks, and treated intraperitoneally with saline solution, 100 mg/kg body weight (b.w), 200 mg/kg b.

Effects of exogenous glutathione on arsenic burden and NO metabolism in brain of mice exposed to arsenite through drinking water.

Chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) is associated with neurotoxicity. Studies to date have disclosed that methylation of ingested iAs is the main metabolic pathway, and it is a process relying on reduced glutathione (GSH). The aim of this study was to explore the effects of exogenous GSH on arsenic burden and metabolism of nitric oxide (NO) in the brain of mice exposed to arsenite via drinking water.

Distribution of speciated arsenicals in mice exposed to arsenite at the early life.

The aim of this study was to explore distribution of speciated arsenicals in mice exposed to arsenite at early developmental stages. Levels of speciated arsenicals in both liver and brain of mice were analyzed by hydride generation of volatile arsines, and determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (HG-AAS). In the liver, levels of inorganic arsenic (iAs) increased on postnatal day (PND) 15, and monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) increased on PND 21, however, levels of dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) in newborn mice were significantly higher than those on PND 10 and 15.

Effects of exogenous GSH and methionine on methylation of inorganic arsenic in mice exposed to arsenite through drinking water.

We hypothesized that chronic exposure to arsenic would deplete the reduced glutathione (GSH) and methionine in vivo, thereby impair the methylation capacity of inorganic arsenic (iAs) ingested. Our experiment was designed to explore the effects of exogenous GSH and methionine on arsenic methylation in mice exposed to arsenite via drinking water. Levels of iAs, monomethylarsenic acid (MMAs), and dimethylarsenic acid (DMAs) in the liver and blood were determined by the method of hydride generation coupled with atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

[Effect of glutathione and sodium selenite on the metabolism of arsenic in mice exposed to arsenic through drinking water].

Objective: To explore the effect of glutathione (GSH) and sodium selenite on the metabolism of arsenic in the liver, kidney and blood of mice exposed to iAsIII through drinking water.

Methods: The mice were randomly divided into control, arsenic, GSH and sodium selenite group, respectively. And each group had eight mice and the mice were exposed to 50 mg/L arsenite by drinking water for 4 weeks.

Selection of agents for prevention of cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity.

The objective of this study was to explore the optimal combination of agents used along with cisplatin for protection of hepatotoxicity. Animal experiment was carried out based on the orthogonal design L(8) (2(7)) setting seven factors with two different levels of each, and eight groups of mice were needed. The agents tested in this study were zinc, selenium, fosfomycin, sodium thiosulfate (STS), N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), methionine and taurine.

Effects of in utero meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid with calcium and ascorbic acid on lead-induced fetal development.

To examine the effects of meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) on developmental toxicity resulting from exposure to lead in utero, female albino mice were exposed to lead by drinking water contaminated with lead acetate for 4 weeks. After the cessation of lead exposure, female mice were supplemented by gavage with saline solution, DMSA, or DMSA and calcium as well as ascorbic acid from the fourth day of gestation until parturition, respectively. Lead levels (blood, liver, and bone) were measured at birth.

Selection of micronutrients used along with DMSA in the treatment of moderately lead intoxicated mice.

The objective of this study was to explore the optimum combination of micronutrients used with 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) in the treatment of moderately lead-intoxicated mice. Experiment was carried out based on the orthogonal design L(8)(2(7)) setting six factors with two different levels of each, and eight groups of mice were needed. Mice were exposed to lead by drinking water contaminated with 0.

Therapeutic potentials of combined use of DMSA with calcium and ascorbic acid in the treatment of mild to moderately lead intoxicated mice.

The aim of this study was to explore the therapeutic efficacies of combined use of meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) with calcium and ascorbic acid in the treatment of mild to moderately lead-intoxicated mice. Female albino mice were exposed to lead by drinking water contaminated with 0.1% (moderate lead exposure) or 0.

Arsenic speciation transported through the placenta from mother mice to their newborn pups.

The primary goal of the present study was to confirm the arsenic species that can be transferred from the mother to the bodies of newborn pups through the placenta and the speciated arsenic distribution in the liver and brain of newborn mice after gestational maternal exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs). Mother mice were exposed to iAsIII and iAsV in drinking water during gestation. The livers and brains of the mother mice and their newborn pups were taken.

Health effects in children aged 3-6 years induced by environmental lead exposure.

Objectives: To investigate the involvement of oxidative damage in lead-induced toxicity in children aged 3-6 years and to enlighten whether oxidative stress indicators are correlated with the known indices of lead toxicity.

Methods: Blood samples were collected from 408 subjects (217 boys and 191 girls) in the urban kindergartens. The age range of the subjects was 3-6 years.

Study on the toxic effects induced by different arsenicals in primary cultured rat astroglia.

Arsenic toxicity is a global health problem affecting millions of people. The objectives of this study were to determine if the toxic effects on primary cultured rat astroglia would be induced by different arsenicals. Based on alamarBlue assay and the single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE, comet assay), the cell viability and DNA damage in the cells exposed to different arsenicals were evaluated.