Insight into Preventing Global Dengue Spread: Nanoengineered Niclosamide for Viral Infections.

Millions of cases of dengue virus (DENV) infection yearly from mosquitoes stress the need for effective antivirals. No current drug effectively combats dengue efficiently. Transient immunity and severe risks highlight the need for broad-spectrum antivirals targeting all serotypes of DENV.

The Next Generation COVID-19 Antiviral; Niclosamide-Based Inorganic Nanohybrid System Kills SARS-CoV-2.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a serious global threat with surging new variants of concern. Although global vaccinations have slowed the pandemic, their longevity is still unknown. Therefore, new orally administrable antiviral agents are highly demanded.

Polyphosphazene-Based Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications.

Recently, synthetic polymers have attracted great interest in the field of biomedical science. Among these, polyphosphazenes (PPZs) are regarded as one of the most promising materials, due to their structural flexibility and biodegradability compared to other materials. PPZs have been developed through numerous studies.

Multifunctional Polymeric Micelles for Cancer Therapy.

Polymeric micelles, nanosized assemblies of amphiphilic polymers with a core-shell architecture, have been used as carriers for various therapeutic compounds. They have gained attention due to specific properties such as their capacity to solubilize poorly water-soluble drugs, biocompatibility, and the ability to accumulate in tumor via enhanced permeability and retention (EPR). Moreover, additional functionality can be provided to the micelles by a further modification.

NOAEL cancer therapy: a tumor targetable docetaxel-inorganic polymer nanohybrid prevents drug-induced neutropenia.

To date, cancer therapies largely consist of five pillars: surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Still, researchers are trying to innovate the current cancer therapies to pursue an ideal one without side effects. For developing such a therapy, we designed a chemically well-defined route to a PEG- and docetaxel (DTX)-conjugated inorganic polymer, polyphosphazene, named "polytaxel (PTX)" with a prolonged blood circulation time and tumor localization.

NICLOSAMIDE-EXFOLIATED ANIONIC CLAY NANOHYBRID REPURPOSED AS AN ANTIVIRAL DRUG FOR TACKLING COVID-19; ORAL FORMULATION WITH TWEEN 60/EUDRAGIT S100.

Unlabelled: The ongoing pandemic, COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2), has afflicted millions of people around the world, necessitating that the scientific community work, diligently and promptly, on suitable medicaments. Although vaccination programs have been run globally, the new variants of COVID-19 make it difficult to restrict the spread of the virus by vaccination alone. The combination of vaccination with anti-viral drug formulation is an ideal strategy for tackling the current pandemic situation.

Niclosamide encapsulated in mesoporous silica and geopolymer: A potential oral formulation for COVID-19.

COVID-19 is a rapidly evolving emergency, for which there have been no specific medication found yet. Therefore, it is necessary to find a solution for this ongoing pandemic with the aid of advanced pharmaceutics. What is proposed as a solution is the repurposing of FDA approved drug such as niclosamide (NIC) having multiple pathways to inactivate the SARS-CoV-2, the specific virion that induces COVID-19.

Injectable niclosamide nanohybrid as an anti-SARS-CoV-2 strategy.

COVID-19 is a rapidly evolving emergency, which necessitates scientific community to come up with novel formulations that could find quick relief to the millions affected around the globe. Remdesivir being the only injectable drug by FDA for COVID-19, it initially showed promising results, however, later on failed to retain its claims, hence rejected by the WHO. Therefore, it is important to develop injectable formulation that are effective and affordable.

Hydrotalcite-Niclosamide Nanohybrid as Oral Formulation towards SARS-CoV-2 Viral Infections.

COVID-19 has been affecting millions of individuals worldwide and, thus far, there is no accurate therapeutic strategy. This critical situation necessitates novel formulations for already existing, FDA approved, but poorly absorbable drug candidates, such as niclosamide (NIC), which is of great relevance. In this context, we have rationally designed NIC-loaded hydrotalcite composite nanohybrids, which were further coated with Tween 60 or hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), and characterized them in vitro.

Niclosamide-Clay Intercalate Coated with Nonionic Polymer for Enhanced Bioavailability toward COVID-19 Treatment.

Niclosamide (NIC), a conventional anthelmintic agent, is emerging as a repurposed drug for COVID-19 treatment. However, the clinical efficacy is very limited due to its low oral bioavailability resulting from its poor aqueous solubility. In the present study, a new hybrid drug delivery system made of NIC, montmorillonite (MMT), and Tween 60 is proposed to overcome this obstacle.

A Novel Cell Penetrating Peptide for the Differentiation of Human Neural Stem Cells.

Retinoic acid (RA) is a bioactive lipid that has been shown to promote neural stem cell differentiation. However, the highly hydrophobic molecule needs to first solubilize and translocate across the cell membrane in order to exert a biological response. The cell entry of RA can be aided by cell penetrating peptides (CPPs), which are short amino acid sequences that are able to carry bioactive cargo past the cell membrane.

Novel lower critical solution temperature phase transition materials effectively control osmosis by mild temperature changes.

Osmosis can be controlled reversibly and effectively by mild temperature changes based on novel thermosensitive solutes with LCST transition. The nBu-TAEA thermosensitive solution can draw fresh water from seawater at temperatures less than the phase separation temperature, and the osmotic flow was reversed at higher temperatures.

Effect of deoxycholate conjugation on stability of pDNA/polyamidoamine-diethylentriamine (PAM-DET) polyplex against ionic strength.

Polyplexes formed from cationic polymer/pDNA have been known to be vulnerable to external ionic strength. To improve polyplex stability against ionic strength, we attempted the chemical conjugation of the hydrophobic deoxycholate (DC) moiety to the polyamidoamine-diethylenetriamine (PAM-DET) dendrimer. Dynamic light scattering studies showed that the tolerance of the resulting PAM-DET-DC against ionic strength is higher than that of PAM-DET.

Ion pairs of risedronate for transdermal delivery and enhanced permeation rate on hairless mouse skin.

Ion-paired solutions of risedronate (RIS) with L-arginine (ARG), L-lysine (LYS), and diethylenetriamine (DETA) were tested in vitro for their potential to enhance the penetration of RIS across the skin of hairless mouse. The xylene solubilities of RIS paired with ARG, LYS, and DETA in molar ratios of 1:2, 1:2, and 1:1 were 8.9%, 12.

Biodegradable branched poly(ethylenimine sulfide) for gene delivery.

We synthesized biodegradable b-PEIS (branched poly(ethylenimine sulfide)) by crosslinking linear PEIS. We controlled the degree of crosslinking and molecular weight by adjusting the amount of the crosslinker, bisepoxide. The b-PEIS was readily degradable under reductive conditions (5mm glutathione solution) and the degradation time was dependent on the degree of crosslinking.

A new biodegradable crosslinked polyethylene oxide sulfide (PEOS) hydrogel for controlled drug release.

We developed a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based biodegradable hydrogel through disulfide crosslinking of polyethylene oxide sulfide (PEOS). The crosslinking rate was highly dependent on temperature, and incubation at about 40-50 degrees C was required for efficient crosslinking. The crosslinked PEOS hydrogel showed glutathione-dependent dissolution and corresponding controlled release of a model drug-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled dextran-because the disulfide bond, the main linker, is selectively degraded in response to the high concentration of glutathione.

Visualization of the degradation of a disulfide polymer, linear poly(ethylenimine sulfide), for gene delivery.

Polyethylenimine (PEI) shows high transfection efficiency and cytoxicity due to its high amine density. The new disulfide cationic polymer, linear poly(ethylenimine sulfide) (l-PEIS), was synthesized for efficient and safe gene delivery. As the amine density of l-PEIS increased, the transfection efficiency also increased.

Poly(ethylene oxide sulfide): new poly(ethylene glycol) derivatives degradable in reductive conditions.

Poly(ethylene oxide sulfide) (PEOS), polymers consisting of an internal ethylene oxide oligomer and disulfide linkage, were synthesized and characterized. The degree of polymerization was dependent upon temperature, dimethyl sulfoxide condition, and monomer hydrophobicity. The stability of PEOS was measured by the size exclusion chromatography method after the incubation both with and without 5 mM glutathione.