Mendelian randomization analysis of the causal association between metabolite and skin cancer.

Skin cancer (SC) is a significant public health issue, with increasing incidence rates globally. Although environmental factors such as ultraviolet (UV) exposure are recognized risk factors, the impact of metabolites on SC development has not been thoroughly examined. This study seeks to explore the causal association between metabolites and SC risks using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.

Validation of Diagnostic Utility of Washout CYFRA 21-1 in Lymph Node Metastasis of Thyroid Cancer.

Purpose: Traditional methods, fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and washout thyroglobulin (Tg), do not always provide sufficient accuracy for diagnosing lymph node (LN) metastasis in thyroid cancer. This study aimed to validate the diagnostic performance of washout cytokeratin fragment 21-1 (CYFRA 21-1) as a complementary biomarker for diagnosing metastatic LNs in thyroid cancer and to explore its relationship with molecular analysis and distant metastasis.

Patients And Methods: In this retrospective cohort study involving 230 LNs in 224 patients with PTC, FNAC, washout Tg, and CYFRA 21-1 levels were measured in suspicious LNs.

Comparison between Phacoemulsification-iStent Inject W and Phacoemulsification-Micropulse Transscleral Laser Therapy in Asian Eyes with Mild-Moderate Open Angle Glaucoma.

Prcis: In this retrospective cohort study, the 1-year cumulative probability of failure was comparable, achieving 52.20% in the phacoemulsification-iStent inject W (phaco/iStent) group and 47.80% in the phacoemulsification-micropulse transscleral laser therapy (phaco/MPTLT) group (P=0.

Fused terthiophene end-capped with barbituric acid as non-fullerene n-type small molecule for an organic photo-detector.

In this work, a new n-type small molecule consisting of a fused thiophene backbone and barbituric acid as the electron-withdrawing group is reported. For green-selective organic photodiodes, when combined with p-type subphthalocyanine, the external quantum efficiency reached 64% at -3 V, owing to suitable absorption properties, efficient charge separation and relatively good transport.

The Prevalence of Tardive Dyskinesia In Patients With Schizophrenia Treated With Antipsychotics In Malaysia.

Background: Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a movement disorder that is associated with the prolonged use of antipsychotics. The prevalence of TD varies widely from 20% to 50% but often undetected in schizophrenia patients treated with antipsychotics.

Aim: This study is aimed at investigating the prevalence of TD among schizophrenia patients treated with antipsychotics and identifying the associated factors.

Polycaprolactone-Based High-k Dielectrics: A Platform for Flexible and Biodegradable Transient Electronics.

Transient electronics, designed to degrade after a defined period, are ideal for biomedical implants that eliminate the need for secondary removal surgeries and contribute to sustainable electronics by leaving no electronic waste. While significant progress has been made in developing semiconductors, electrodes, and substrates, dielectric layers for bioapplicable transient electronics that combine flexibility, self-healing capabilities, and high dielectric constants (high-k) remain underexplored. This study introduces urea-linked polycaprolactone (PCL-IU)/ionic liquid (IL) hybrids as dielectric materials.

Interleukin-11 expressed in the polyp-enriched fibroblast subset is a potential therapeutic target in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is associated with early-onset gastrointestinal polyposis caused by hereditary inactivating pathogenic variants in the tumor suppressor gene STK11 (LKB1). Due to lack of prophylactic therapies, management of PJS polyps requires frequent surveillance. Interestingly, studies in mouse models have revealed that stromal cells drive the polyp formation, but detailed understanding of the cell types and interactions involved has been lacking.

Phosphorylation of an RNA-Binding Protein Rck/Me31b by Hippo Is Essential for Adipose Tissue Aging.

The metazoan lifespan is determined in part by a complex signaling network that regulates energy metabolism and stress responses. Key signaling hubs in this network include insulin/IGF-1, AMPK, mTOR, and sirtuins. The Hippo/Mammalian Ste20-like Kinase1 (MST1) pathway has been reported to maintain lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans, but its role has not been studied in higher metazoans.

Thymoma-Induced Severe Biventricular Failure without Myasthenia Gravis: Investigating Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy.

BACKGROUND Cardiomyopathy associated with thymoma is thought to be a cardiac manifestations of myasthenia gravis (MG). However, there are case reports of newly diagnosed thymoma presenting with cardiomyopathy without MG, and the mechanism remains unclear. The purpose of this report is to explore tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (TIC) as a potential mechanism for cardiomyopathy in thymoma without features of MG.

Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for optic nerve sheath meningioma: comparison of efficacy and costs with radiotherapy under Korean health insurance system.

Purpose: To survey the real-world effectiveness and cost of optic nerve sheath meningioma (ONSM) treating with Gamma Knife Radiosurgery (GKRS), and compare with the external beam radiation therapy (EBRT).

Methods: Retrospective, comparative study that included patients with primary ONSM treated with either GKRS or EBRT in Samsung Medical Center, Korea. The treatment response, and treatment costs were compared between GKRS and EBRT groups.

Risk Factors and Thresholds for Minimal Clinically Important Difference in Worsening after Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty.

Background: The rising demand for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) in the United States has led to high one-year patient satisfaction rates. However, some patients experience substantial declines in patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) post-operatively, which we refer to as "Minimal Clinically Importance Difference for Worsening " (MCID-W). We sought to define MCID-W values for specific PROMs and identify risk factors associated with PROMIS Physical Function Short Form 10a (PROMIS PF-10a) declines after UKA.

Impaired Dietary Decision-Making in Children and Adolescents with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.

Introduction: Children and adolescents with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) are at increased risk for obesity and exhibit differences in brain regions associated with food reward and decision-making. We aimed to understand differences in dietary decision-making between youth with CAH compared to controls.

Methods: 37 youth with CAH (12.

Pathogenic germline variants in cancer predisposition genes in patients with multiple primary cancers in an Asian population and the role of extended panel genetic testing.

Background: Multiple primary cancers (MPC) are an indicator of potential hereditary cancer predisposition syndrome. There remains insufficient data on genetic testing outcomes and the optimal testing panel for MPC. We evaluated the prevalence of MPC, the spectrum of pathogenic germline variants (PGVs) and the role of extended panel testing in MPC.

Logic and static memory functions of an inverter comprising a feedback field effect transistor.

The von Neumann architecture used as the basic operating principle in computers has a bottleneck owing to the disparity between the central processing unit and memory access speeds, which leads to high power consumption and speed reduction, reducing the overall system performance. However, feedback field-effect transistors (FBFETs) have attracted significant attention owing to their potential to realize next-generation electronic devices based on their switching characteristics. Therefore, in this study, we configured the logic and static memory functions of an inverter comprising a pull-up resistor and an n-channel feedback field-effect transistor using a mixed-mode simulation.

Hierarchical model for taxi crashes considering the intrinsic factors of taxi drivers and companies in South Korea.

Many studies have been conducted to investigate the diverse human-related factors that contribute to traffic crashes. Human factors have a greater impact on crashes caused by taxi drivers with long driving distances and hours. However, due to issues related to the protection of individual data and the complexity of collecting and processing data, there are limitations in clearly identifying risk factors related to driver characteristics.

Medicine Optimisation and Deprescribing Intervention Outcomes for Older People with Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review.

Background: Polypharmacy is common amongst older people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), increasing the risk of medication-related harm. Medicine optimisation and deprescribing to reduce polypharmacy is considered feasible, safe and can lead to improved health. However, for those living with dementia or MCI, this can be challenging.

Activin A activation of Smad3 mitigates innate inflammation in mouse models of psoriasis and sepsis.

Phosphorylation of Smad3 is a critical mediator of TGF-β signaling, which plays an important role in regulating innate immune responses. However, whether Smad3 activation can be regulated in innate immune cells in TGF-β-independent contexts remains poorly understood. Here, we show that Smad3 is activated through the phosphorylation of its C-terminal residues (pSmad3C) in murine and human macrophages in response to bacterial and viral ligands, which is mediated by Activin A in a TGF-β independent manner.

Current Status and Future Directions in the Development of Digital Therapeutic Interventions for Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

Innovations in digital technologies have emerged digital therapeutics (DTx) as a novel therapeutic intervention. DTx hold potential as novel theragnostics for disorders with broad diagnostic spectra, including neurodevelopmental diseases (NDDs). In this review, we highlight challenging factors in the successful development and deployment of DTx for NDDs with respect to patients, medical professionals, and manufacturers.

Challenges in Managing a Case of Penetrating Neck Injury Complicated with Vascular Injury and Unrevealed Retained Foreign Body.

Penetrating neck injury is an emergency requiring urgent radiological and surgical attention. Delay in treatment results in significant morbidity and mortality. While computed tomography angiography (CTA) is a commonly used diagnostic tool, it has limitations and may fail to detect high-density foreign bodies or active bleeding due to compression by blood clots.

Effects of alpha-ketoisocaproate in oxidative stress-induced C2C12 myotubes via inhibition of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2.

Sarcopenia is an age-related muscle atrophy characterized by decreased muscle mass and function. However, potential treatments to alleviate sarcopenia remain limited. In this study, we investigated the effects of α-ketoisocaproate (KIC) on C2C12 differentiation and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced atrophy in C2C12 myotubes.

Heart rate variability impairment during sleep in Veterans with rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder, traumatic brain injury, and post-traumatic stress disorder: an early potential window into autonomic dysfunction?

Individuals with comorbid rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) and neurotrauma (NT; defined by traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic stress disorder) have an earlier age of RBD symptom onset, increased RBD-related symptom severity and more neurological features indicative of prodromal synucleinopathy compared to RBD only. An early sign of neurodegenerative condition is autonomic dysfunction, which we sought to evaluate by examining heart rate variability during sleep. Participants with overnight polysomnography were recruited from the Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System.