Phytochemical-induced reactive oxygen species and endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis and differentiation in malignant melanoma cells.

Background: Phytochemicals are derived from plants, vegetables and daily products and exert chemopreventive effects. Malignant melanoma is highly metastatic, and melanoma patients can develop chemotherapeutic resistance against conventional melanoma therapies.

Methods: In the present study, we investigated the anti-cancer effect of the phytochemicals kaempferol (Kaem), genistein (Gen), and 3'3-diindolylmethane (DIM) on melanoma cell viability.

Treatment with Phytoestrogens Reversed Triclosan and Bisphenol A-Induced Anti-Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells.

Triclosan (TCS) and bisphenol A (BPA) are endocrine-disrupting chemicals that interfere with the hormone or endocrine system and may cause cancer. Kaempferol (Kaem) and 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) are phytoestrogens that play chemopreventive roles in the inhibition of carcinogenesis and cancer progression. In this study, the influence of TCS, BPA, Kaem, and DIM on proliferation and apoptotic abilities of VM7Luc4E2 breast cancer cells were examined.

Inhibitory effects of 3,3'-diindolylmethane on epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by endocrine disrupting chemicals in cellular and xenograft mouse models of breast cancer.

As a phytoestrogen, 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) plays a chemopreventive role by inhibiting cancer progression. In this study, we examined the effects of 17β-estradiol (E2), two endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), triclosan (TCS) and bisphenol A (BPA), and DIM on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastatic behaviors of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells. An in vitro assay revealed that E2 (10 M), TCS (10-10 M), and BPA (10-10 M) induced MCF-7 cell proliferation compared to a control through the ER pathway.

Effects of bisphenol compounds on the growth and epithelial mesenchymal transition of MCF-7 CV human breast cancer cells.

Bisphenol-A (BPA) has been considered as an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) because it can exert estrogenic properties. For bisphenol-S (BPS) and bisphenol-F (BPF) that are BPA analogs and substitutes, their risk to estrogen-dependent cancer has been reported rarely compared with the numerous cases of BPA. In this study, we examined whether BPA, BPS, and BPF can lead to the proliferation, migration, and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of MCF-7 clonal variant (MCF-7 CV) breast cancer cells expressing estrogen receptors (ERs).

Potential Anti-proliferative and Immunomodulatory Effects of Marine Microalgal Exopolysaccharide on Various Human Cancer Cells and Lymphocytes In Vitro.

Marine microalgal exopolysaccharides (EPSs) have drawn great attention due to their biotechnological potentials such as anti-viral, anti-oxidant, anti-lipidemic, anti-proliferative, and immunomodulatory activities, etc. In the present study, the EPS derived from microalgae Thraustochytriidae sp.-derived mutant GA was investigated for its anti-proliferation and immunomodulation.

Kaempferol, a phytoestrogen, suppressed triclosan-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastatic-related behaviors of MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

As a phytoestrogen, kaempferol is known to play a chemopreventive role inhibiting carcinogenesis and cancer progression. In this study, the influences of triclosan, an anti-bacterial agent recently known for an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC), and kaempferol on breast cancer progression were examined by measuring their effects on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastatic-related behaviors of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Morphological changes of MCF-7 cells were observed, and a wound-healing assay was performed after the treatment of triclosan and kaempferol.

Effects of microalgal polyunsaturated fatty acid oil on body weight and lipid accumulation in the liver of C57BL/6 mice fed a high fat diet.

Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which are abundant in marine fish oils, have recently received global attention for their prominent anti-obesogenic effects. Among PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3), which are n-3 long-chain PUFAs widely referred to as omega-3 oils, were reported to prevent the development of obesity in rodents and humans. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-obesity effects of microalgal oil on high-fat induced obese C57BL/6 mice, compared with commercial omega-3 fish oil and vegetable corn oil.

Roles of Dietary Phytoestrogens on the Regulation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Diverse Cancer Metastasis.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a key role in tumor progression. The cells undergoing EMT upregulate the expression of cell motility-related proteins and show enhanced migration and invasion. The hallmarks of EMT in cancer cells include changed cell morphology and increased metastatic capabilities in cell migration and invasion.

Immortalization of human corneal epithelial cells using simian virus 40 large T antigen and cell characterization.

Introduction: Primary cultures of human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells usually cease to grow after four or five passages. This result in a small cell yield for experiments such as the eye irritancy test represents a serious problem for human and animal corneal epithelial research. In the present study, we established an HCE cell line immortalized by simian virus 40 (SV40), a polyomavirus, and characterized the inherent morphologic and cytologic cell properties.