The effects of intrathecal fentanyl for spinal anesthesia in lower extremity surgery.

Background: Intrathecal opioids in combination with bupivacaine has been shown to provide adequate sensory blockade and early recovery from spinal anesthesia. This study was investigated the added effects of intrathecal fentanyl 10 microgram to bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia.

Methods: Sixty patients undergoing lower extremity surgery were into three groups.

Extrauterine incubation of fetal goats applying the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation via umbilical artery and vein.

The fetus is an unstable subject for an isolated physiological and biochemical study. To study the fetus in a controlled and stable environment, a trial was done using 12 goat fetuses. Extrauterine incubation system was devised using an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation system.

Comparison of oxytocin and oxytocin antagonist metabolism in the plasma of pregnant humans and baboons.

Oxytocin antagonists may be useful in inhibiting the uterine contractions of preterm labor. One such compound is TT-235 (previously referred to as Antag III). The purpose of this study was to compare the resistance of TT-235 and oxytocin to enzymatic degradation by oxytocinase in the blood of humans and baboons during their 3rd trimester of pregnancy.