Ketamine impairs the performance of male mice in novel recognition object test and reduces the immunoreactivity of GAD in the hippocampus: Role of pioglitazone.

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms which is treated with antipsychotics. However, these drugs present several side effects and, some schizophrenia symptoms, like cognitive, are difficult to treat. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-gamma (PPAR-γ) are expressed in dopaminergic neurons of the midbrain participating in the modulation of dopamine-mediated behavior .

Effects of Acute Haloperidol Treatment on Dopaminergic Markers, GAD and A Receptors in Rats with High and Low VCMs.

Vacuous chewing movements (VCM) have been utilized as an experimental model of orofacial dyskinesia (OD) in rodents to study the underlying molecular mechanisms related to tardive dyskinesia (TD). This study aimed to investigate if the acute treatment with haloperidol can alter components of the dopaminergic synapse or its modulators such as glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and adenosine 2A (A) receptor. Furthermore, to evaluate if changes in molecular markers are associated with the number of VCMs induced by haloperidol in rats it is proposing a method to classify the animals into High and Low VCM groups.

Effects of association between resveratrol and ketamine on behavioral and biochemical analysis in mice.

Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene), a phenol commonly found in grapes and wine, has been associated as protective in experimental models involving alterations in different neurotransmitter systems. However, studies are reporting that resveratrol could have adverse effects. This study evaluated if the association of a low dose of ketamine and resveratrol could induce behavioral manifestations associated with biochemical alterations.

Antioxidant responses driven by Hesperetin and Hesperidin counteract Parkinson's disease-like phenotypes in Drosophila melanogaster.

The study investigated the protective effects of Hesperetin (HSP) and Hesperidin (HSD) on 1 methyl, 4 phenyl, 1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride (MPTP)-induced Parkinsonism in Drosophila melanogaster (D. melanogaster). After a lifespan study to select exposure time and concentrations, flies were co-exposed to MPTP (0.

Influence of the dose of ketamine used on schizophrenia-like symptoms in mice: A correlation study with TH, GAD, and PPAR-γ.

Schizophrenia is a chronic, debilitating mental illness that has not yet been completely understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of ketamine, a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, on the positive- and negative-like symptoms of schizophrenia. We also explored whether these effects are related to changes in the immunoreactivity of GAD, TH, and PPAR-γ in brain structures.

Reserpine and PCPA reduce heat tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster.

Drosophila melanogaster is a model organism to study molecular mechanisms and the role of the genes and proteins involved in thermal nociception. Monoamines (i.e.

Effects of CATECHIN on reserpine-induced vacuous chewing movements: behavioral and biochemical analysis.

This study evaluated the effect of (+)-catechin, a polyphenolic compound, on orofacial dyskinesia (OD) induced by reserpine in mice. The potential modulation of monoaminoxidase (MAO) activity, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) immunoreactivity by catechin were used as biochemical endpoints. The interaction of catechin with MAO-A and MAO-B was determined in vitro and in silico.

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of enzymatic and antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of curcumin-loaded solid dispersions.

Curcumin, the main bioactive polyphenolic compound in Curcuma longa L. rhizomes has a wide range of bioactive properties. Curcumin presents low solubility in water and thus limited bioavailability, which decreases its applicability.

Methylglyoxal disturbs the expression of antioxidant, apoptotic and glycation responsive genes and triggers programmed cell death in human leukocytes.

Methylglyoxal (MG) is a α-dycarbonyl compound derived mainly from glycolysis, whose accumulation is harmful for cells and tissues. Here, we evaluated the cytotoxic effects induced by MG in leukocytes after an acute exposure, measuring as endpoints of toxicity some markers of oxidative stress and programmed cell death. Human leukocytes were isolated and incubated with MG at concentrations ranging from 0.