Factors Associated with Mortality of TB/HIV Co-infected Patients in Ethiopia.

Background: Despite the large number of TB patients on ART in Ethiopia, their mortality remains high. This study reports the effect of TB on HIV related mortality and determinants of TB/HIV co-infection related mortality.

Methods: A longitudinal study design was employed as part of the Advanced Clinical Monitoring of ART (ACM) in Ethiopia.

Assessment of national tuberculosis and HIV collaborative program implementation status in health care settings of Ethiopia.

Background: Ethiopia has adopted the World Health Organization recommendation for TB and HIV collaborative activities since 2004. These collaborative activities have been scaled up in a phased manner and covered large number of health facilities across the nation. However, there is scarcity of information on implementation of these collaborative activities in Ethiopia.

Visceral Leishmaniasis Patients Display Altered Composition and Maturity of Neutrophils as well as Impaired Neutrophil Effector Functions.

Immunologically, active visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is characterized by profound immunosuppression, severe systemic inflammatory responses, and an impaired capacity to control parasite replication. Neutrophils are highly versatile cells, which play a crucial role in the induction as well as the resolution of inflammation, the control of pathogen replication, and the regulation of immune responses. Neutrophil functions have been investigated in human cutaneous leishmaniasis; however, their role in human VL is poorly understood.