Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to visceral leishmaniasis: A case report of a rare complication of visceral leishmaniasis.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare, potentially life-threatening clinical syndrome characterized by hyperactivation of inflammatory mediators and harmful end-organ damage Visceral leishmaniasis (VL)-induced HLH is a rare disease with significant diagnostic and management implications. Herein, we present a case of secondary HLH as a complication of visceral leishmaniasis in a two-year-old toddler. A 2-year-old male toddler was admitted for evaluation of a prolonged 4-week fever.