Serological and Molecular Investigation of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus in Chickens from Robe Town, Southeastern Ethiopia.

Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) is responsible for avian infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT), a highly contagious acute respiratory disease affecting chickens. However, there is limited information on ILTV and its distribution in Ethiopia, particularly in the southeastern region. The aim of this study was to establish the serological prevalence and molecular evidence in commercial and backyard chickens from Robe town, Southeastern Ethiopia.

Prevalence and associated factors of post-stroke depression in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Depressive disorder is considered the most frequent and burdensome mental health complication after stroke. Post-stroke depression is under-recognized in Africa and data remain scarce. These systematic reviews and meta-analyses were, therefore conducted to fill the gap.

Evaluation of molecular and bacteriological detection methods performed on the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsy samples collected from endometrial and lymph node tuberculosis suspected patients.

Background: Endometrial Tuberculosis is one of the most common gynecological problems known to have serious implications for the quality of life like infertility. The commonly practiced histopathology solely relies on the suggestive feature of Tuberculosis (TB) with low specificity. Regarding the alternative bacteriological and molecular detection tools, little evidence was generated on their utility in the diagnosis of endometrial tuberculosis in Ethiopia.

Lumpy skin disease virus isolation, experimental infection, and evaluation of disease development in a calf.

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is one of the most economically significant viral diseases of cattle caused by the Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV), classified as a member of the genus Capripoxvirus and belongs to the family Poxviridae. Nodular skin samples were collected from clinically sick cattle in the districts of Amuru and Wara Jarso Ethiopia to isolate LSD virus. The virus was isolated using primary lamb testis and kidney cells.

Isolation and Genetic Characterization of Genotype VII Velogenic Pathotype Newcastle Disease Virus from Commercial Chicken Farms in Central Ethiopia, Distinct from the Local Vaccine Strains.

Newcastle disease (ND) is caused by virulent strains of avian paramyxovirus type 1, also known as Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Despite vaccination, the frequency of reported outbreaks in Ethiopia has increased. From January to June 2022, an active outbreak investigation was conducted in six commercial chicken farms across areas of central Ethiopia to identify the circulating NDV strains.

Ferroptosis as an emerging target in sickle cell disease.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited hemoglobin disorder marked by red blood cell sickling, resulting in severe anemia, painful episodes, extensive organ damage, and shortened life expectancy. In SCD, increased iron levels can trigger ferroptosis, a specific type of cell death characterized by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxide accumulation, leading to damage and organ impairments. The intricate interplay between iron, ferroptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in SCD underscores the necessity of thoroughly understanding these processes for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies.

Heavy Metal Interactions with Neuroglia and Gut Microbiota: Implications for Huntington's Disease.

Huntington's disease (HD) is a rare but progressive and devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by involuntary movements, cognitive decline, executive dysfunction, and neuropsychiatric conditions such as anxiety and depression. It follows an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Thus, a child who has a parent with the mutated huntingtin () gene has a 50% chance of developing the disease.

Role of Glial Cells in Neuronal Function, Mood Disorders, and Drug Addiction.

Mood disorders and substance use disorder (SUD) are of immense medical and social concern. Although significant progress on neuronal involvement in mood and reward circuitries has been achieved, it is only relatively recently that the role of glia in these disorders has attracted attention. Detailed understanding of the glial functions in these devastating diseases could offer novel interventions.

Iron toxicity, ferroptosis and microbiota in Parkinson's disease: Implications for novel targets.

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Iron (Fe)-dependent programmed cell death known as ferroptosis, plays a crucial role in the etiology and progression of PD. Since SNpc is particularly vulnerable to Fe toxicity, a central role for ferroptosis in the etiology and progression of PD is envisioned.

Precise Fabrication and Manipulation of Individual Polymer Nanofibers.

Polymer nanofibers hold promise in a wide range of applications owing to their diverse properties, flexibility, and cost effectiveness. In this study, we introduce a polymer nanofiber drawing process in a scanning electron microscope and focused ion beam (SEM/FIB) instrument with observation. We employed a nanometer-sharp tungsten needle and prepolymer microcapsules to enable nanofiber drawing in a vacuum environment.

Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Glial Cells as Molecular Target for Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability that also includes non-motor symptoms such as mood dysregulation. Dopamine (DA) is the primary neurotransmitter involved in this disease, but cholinergic imbalance has also been implicated. Current intervention in PD is focused on replenishing central DA, which provides remarkable temporary symptomatic relief but does not address neuronal loss and the progression of the disease.

The status of immunization program and challenges in Ethiopia: A mixed method study.

Introduction: Immunization helps reduce morbidity and mortality attributable to severe vaccine-preventable childhood illnesses. However, vaccination coverage and the quality of immunization data remain challenging in Ethiopia. This has led to poor planning, suboptimal vaccination coverage, and the resurgence of vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks in under-immunized pocket areas.

Adolescent alcohol drinking interaction with the gut microbiome: implications for adult alcohol use disorder.

Reciprocal communication between the gut microbiota and the brain, commonly referred to as the "gut-brain-axis" is crucial in maintaining overall physiological homeostasis. Gut microbiota development and brain maturation (neuronal connectivity and plasticity) appear to be synchronized and to follow the same timeline during childhood (immature), adolescence (expansion) and adulthood (completion). It is important to note that the mesolimbic reward circuitry develops early on, whereas the maturation of the inhibitory frontal cortical neurons is delayed.

Clinical characteristics and functional outcome of surgically treated adult head trauma patients with acute subdural hematoma: Ethiopian tertiary hospitals experience.

Background: Acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) is one of the most common and devastating lesions in traumatic brain injury with a mortality rate upto 60 % especially in low-income countries. The present study aimed to determine the clinical characteristics and functional outcomes and the associated factors of surgically treated head trauma patients with ASDH.

Methods: Between January 2018 and January 2021 we identified 140 head trauma patients with ASDH who underwent surgical evacuation in three tertiary hospitals.

Intranasally Delivered Adenoviral Vector Protects Chickens against Newcastle Disease Virus: Vaccine Manufacturing and Stability Assessments for Liquid and Lyophilized Formulations.

Newcastle disease (ND) remains a critical disease affecting poultry in sub-Saharan Africa. In some countries, repeated outbreaks have a major impact on local economies and food security. Recently, we developed an adenovirus-vectored vaccine encoding the Fusion protein from an Ethiopian isolate of Newcastle disease virus (NDV).

Butyrate Protects and Synergizes with Nicotine against Iron- and Manganese-induced Toxicities in Cell Culture.

Toxic exposures to heavy metals, such as iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn), can result in long-range neurological diseases and are therefore of significant environmental and medical concerns. We have previously reported that damage to neuroblastoma-derived dopaminergic cells (SH-SY5Y) by both Fe and Mn could be prevented by pre-treatment with nicotine. Moreover, butyrate, a short chain fatty acid (SCFA) provided protection against salsolinol, a selective dopaminergic toxin, in the same cell line.

Adverse reactions following COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare professionals working in Ethiopia: a facility-based cross-sectional study.

Background Of The Study: One of the best medical approaches for halting the spread of infectious diseases is vaccination. During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers (HCWs) were a high-risk population. Due to their susceptibility in terms of their working environment, front-line healthcare personnel should receive vaccinations before others.

Primary Tracheobronchial Amyloidosis Presenting with an Upper Airway Obstruction.

This is a case of localized primary tracheobronchial amyloidosis in a patient who presented with upper airway obstruction. Tracheobronchial amyloidosis is a type of localized bronchopulmonary amyloidosis that is frequently overlooked. It involves the deposition of amyloid protein on the tracheal and bronchial tissue, leading to progressive tracheal stenosis and airway obstruction that can be seen on imaging as a tracheal mass.

Interaction of Heavy Metal Lead with Gut Microbiota: Implications for Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social interaction and communication, manifests in early childhood and is followed by restricted and stereotyped behaviors, interests, or activities in adolescence and adulthood (DSM-V). Although genetics and environmental factors have been implicated, the exact causes of ASD have yet to be fully characterized. New evidence suggests that dysbiosis or perturbation in gut microbiota (GM) and exposure to lead (Pb) may play important roles in ASD etiology.

Butyrate protects and synergizes with nicotine against iron- and manganese-induced toxicities in cell culture: Implications for neurodegenerative diseases.

Toxic exposures to heavy metals, such as iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn), can result in long-range neurological diseases and are therefore of significant environmental and medical concerns. We have previously reported that damage to neuroblastoma-derived dopaminergic cells (SH-SY5Y) by both Fe and Mn could be prevented by pre-treatment with nicotine. Moreover, butyrate, a short chain fatty acid (SCFA) provided protection against salsolinol, a selective dopaminergic toxin, in the same cell line.

Comparative evaluation of RBPT, I-ELISA, and CFT for the diagnosis of brucellosis and PCR detection of Brucella species from Ethiopian sheep, goats, and cattle sera.

Background: Brucellosis is an economically devastating animal disease and has public health concern. Serological methods such as Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT), Complement Fixation Test (CFT), and Indirect-Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (I-ELISA) have been used to detect brucellosis. However, there is limited comparative evaluation studies and lack of molecular confirmation of the causative agents in the study areas.

Application of structural equation modelling to inform best management strategies for Marek's disease in Amhara region, Ethiopia.

Marek's disease, a highly contagious and an economically significant oncogenic and paralytic viral diseases of poultry, is becoming a serious problem in Ethiopia's poultry sector. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between risk factors and their contribution to develop risk with the intentions to implement MD control measures in the different chicken production systems of Ethiopia using the SEM framework. A questionnaire was designed based on the framework and each model constructed was measured using a set of rating scale items.

Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) infection in dairy cattle in southern and central Ethiopia.

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) is an important pathogen of cattle with a worldwide distribution. It occurs as a subclinical, mild or severe disease. The clinical signs may vary widely with respiratory, genital, ocular and encephalomyelitis form.

Identification of serotypes of Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida from pneumonic cases of sheep and goats and their antimicrobial sensitivity profiles in Borana and Arsi zones, Ethiopia.

Respiratory diseases caused by Mannheimia haemolytica (M. haemolytica) and Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) have been known to result in a considerable loss due to mortality and reduced production.