Macrophage and T-Cell Infiltration and Topographic Immune Cell Distribution in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer of the Head and Neck.

Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is a heterogeneous tumor entity that is vastly determined by age and UV-light exposure leading to a great mutational burden in cancer cells. However, the success of immune checkpoint blockade in advanced NMSC and the incidence and disease control rates of NMSC in organ transplant recipients compared to immunologically uncompromised patients point toward the emerging importance of the immunologic activity of NMSC. To gain first insight into the role of T-cell and macrophage infiltration in NMSC of the head and neck and capture their different immunogenic profiles, which appear to be highly relevant for the response to immunotherapy, we conducted a whole slide analysis of 107 basal cell carcinoma (BCC) samples and 117 cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) samples.

Preoperative Peroneal Artery Perforator Mapping Using Indocyanine Green Angiography: A Prospective Clinical Trial.

Background: Perforator imaging is a prerequisite in preoperative planning of the peroneal perforator flap and the fibula skin island. Although reports indicate that indocyanine green angiography assessment method might be advantageous over conventional ultrasound-based techniques (i.e.

Pedicled buccal flaps as a backup procedure for intraoral reconstruction.

Background: Intraoral soft tissue deficiency and impaired wound beds are common problems after cleft and tumour surgery or after dental trauma. Frequently, limited defects are overtreated with extensive microvascular reconstruction procedures, but pedicled flaps remain useful, as they are simple to harvest, and they provide a reliable outcome. The buccal flap, first described in the 1970s, has been used for palatine lengthening in cleft patients over decades.

Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Case Report and Assessment of Histological Response.

Background: The treatment of oral cancer remains challenging due to its infiltrative nature and a high tendency for tumour relapse leading to an overall poor prognosis. In the case of early recurrence, the patient's prognosis deteriorates dramatically, with survival rate dropping to below 30%. Minimal improvements in survival trends in recurrent and advanced stage tumours have been reported in recent decades.

Thermal Imaging in a Clinically Non-assessable Free Flap Reconstruction of the Face.

Free flap monitoring and early detection of malperfusion are a central aspect in reconstructive surgery. Warm ischemia, measured as the time a certain tissue is able to survive without any additional medical or thermal treatment, ranges from hours in muscle and nerval tissue up to days in bony tissue. Hence, meticulous flap monitoring is essential to discover early signs of malperfusion and decide upon timely re-intervention.

Management of anticoagulated patients in dentoalveolar surgery: a retrospective study comparing bridging with heparin versus unpaused vitamin K antagonist medication.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of postoperative bleeding following dentoalveolar surgery in patients with either continued vitamin K antagonist medication or perioperative bridging using heparin.

Methods: A retrospective study was performed analyzing patients who underwent tooth extraction between 2012 and 2017. Patients were retrospectively allocated into two comparative groups: un-paused vitamin K antagonist medication versus bridging using heparin.

Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Introduction: The incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) shows a constant increase, while the long-term outcome remains poor over the last decades. Radical oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) - initially released by carcinogens, such as alcohol and tobacco, and later maintained by the tumor microenvironment - appear to be strongly associated to chronic inflammation, tumor induction, progression, and metastatic spread. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of oxidative and nitrosative stress in primary OSCC compared to healthy tissue specimens and to identify their impact on tumor carcinogenesis.

Correction to: Osseous ingrowth in allogeneic bone blocks applied for vertical bone augmentation: a preclinical randomized controlled study.

In the article by Möst et al., entitled "Osseous ingrowth in allogeneic bone blocks applied for vertical bone augmentation: a preclinical randomized controlled study.

Development of a template tool for facilitating fibula osteotomy in reconstruction of mandibular defects by digital analysis of the human mandible.

Objectives: Mandibular reconstruction after segmental mandibulectomy can be challenging without virtual surgical planning and osteotomy guides. The purpose of this study was to analyze anatomic parameters to facilitate the evaluation of ideal fibula wedge osteotomies to reconstruct the neomandibula in a simple and cost-effective manner without the need for preoperative virtual planning.

Materials And Methods: Computed tomography scans were acquired from randomly selected patients, and all images were obtained from routine clinical diagnostics, e.

Osseous ingrowth in allogeneic bone blocks applied for vertical bone augmentation: a preclinical randomised controlled study.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of osseous graft consolidation using allogeneic bone blocks for vertical bone augmentation in an animal model.

Material And Methods: Standardised allogeneic and autologous bone blocks were fixed on the frontal skull of 20 adult female pigs and covered with a resorbable collagen membrane. Animals were sacrificed after 2 and 6 months.

Microvascular reconstruction in the vessel depleted neck - A systematic review.

Surgical therapy is the gold standard in head and neck cancer treatment, whereas adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy may be indicated in advanced cases. Frequently, neck dissections, former flap anastomoses and irradiated tissue leave a neck depleted of recipient vessels. If further surgery becomes inevitable the surgeon is faced with a heavily pretreated surgical field asking for highly reliable solutions for microsurgical reconstruction.

Evaluation of a computed-tomography-based assessment scheme in treatment decision-making for isolated orbital floor fractures.

Introduction: Treatment decisions for fractures of the orbital floor are based on clinical appearance, ophthalmological examination, and computed tomography (CT) scans. In extensive fractures, decisions are easily made between conservative and surgical treatment. However, objective parameters are rare in inconclusive cases.

Dental prevention and disease awareness in children with congenital heart disease.

Objectives: The importance of excellent oral health is known to be crucial in children with congenital heart diseases (CHD). Data about dental health and disease awareness is limited. This study aims to assess preventive measures taken to improve dental health in children with CHD and to gain insight into disease awareness and knowledge about the importance of oral health in children with CHD and to propose measures that could be taken.

Site-specific gene expression patterns in oral cancer.

Background: Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are the most prevalent malignant tumours within the head and neck. Evidence exists that distinct genes are differentially regulated in SCCs of the oral cavity compared to other head and neck regions. Given this background, the aim of this study was to investigate whether such tumour site-specific gene expression can also be observed in different localizations within the oral cavity.

Classification of orbital exenteration and reconstruction.

Orbital exenteration (OE) is considered to be a mutilating surgical procedure reserved for relentlessly progressive neoplastic disorders or extensive facial trauma with unfavourable eye involvement. Malignant tumours, accounting for the majority of ablative orbital surgeries, may be caused by primary orbital tumours or secondarily by neoplasias from the surrounding skin, the maxillary sinus or intracranial malignomas. Orbital exenteration following trauma is mostly caused by penetrating globe defects or extended infections with the danger of intracranial effects.

NOS1-, NOS3-, PIK3CA-, and MAPK-pathways in skin following radiation therapy.

Background: Essential molecular pathways such as the MAPK pathway, NO system, or the influence of PIK3CA as an oncogene are known to regulate fundamental signalling networks. However, few knowledge about their role in the occurrence of wound healing disorders (WHD) following radiation therapy (RT) exists. This study aims to evaluate the expression profiles of specific molecular pathway marker genes.

Cytokeratin and protein expression patterns in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity provide evidence for two distinct pathogenetic pathways.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity is a morphological heterogeneous disease. Various cytokeratin (CK) expression patterns with different prognostic values have been described, but little is known concerning the underlying biological cell mechanisms. Therefore, the present study investigated 193 cases of oral SCCs using immunohistochemistry for α/β/γ-catenin, glucose transporter 1, caspase-3, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein, hypoxia inducible factor-1α, carbonic anhydrase 9, heat shock protein (hsp) 70, mast/stem cell growth factor receptor, p21, p27, p16, p53, B-cell lymphoma 6, epidermal growth factor receptor, cyclin D1 and CK1, 5/6, 8/18, 10, 14 and 19.