Component Distribution, Shear-Flow Behavior, and Sol-Gel Transition in Mixed Dispersions of Casein Micelles and Serum Proteins.

The shear flow and solid-liquid transition of mixed milk protein dispersions with varying concentrations of casein micelles (CMs) and serum proteins (SPs) are integral to key dairy processing operations, including microfiltration, ultrafiltration, diafiltration, and concentration-evaporation. However, the rheological behavior of these dispersions has not been sufficiently studied. In the present work, dispersions of CMs and SPs with total protein weight fractions () of 0.

Life cycle inventory and life cycle impact assessment datasets of an industrial-scale milk fractionation process generating 5 co-products: Cream, casein, lactose and two whey-protein ingredients enriched in α-lactalbumin or β-lactoglobulin.

Food plays a significant role in the environmental impacts of human activities. However, many agro-industrial processes are multi-product systems and their impacts need to be distributed between the different co-products in order to properly address two major issues: (1) prevention of food spoilage and food losses and (2) the eco-design of food systems, from processing up to recommendations for changes in Western diets. As a culturally and nutritionally central component of most human diets, milk is critical because processing is a preservation issue and most dairy products follow from separations, thereby generating co-products.

Milk microfiltration process dataset annotated from a collection of scientific papers.

Milk microfiltration process plays a key role in the dairy industry. Crossflow microfiltration of skimmed milk using a membrane with 0.1 µm mean pore size is widely used to fractionate the two main groups of dairy proteins: casein micelles (~150 nm) and serum proteins (~2-15 nm).

Transmembrane Pressure and Recovery of Serum Proteins During Microfiltration of Skimmed Milk Subjected to Different Storage and Treatment Conditions.

Milk pre-processing steps-storage at 4 °C (with durations of 48, 72 or 96 h) and methods for microbiological stabilization of milk (1.4 μm microfiltration, thermization, thermization + bactofugation, pasteurization) are performed industrially before 0.1 µm-microfiltration (MF) of skimmed milk to ensure the microbiological quality of final fractions.

Major Role of Voluminosity in the Compressibility and Sol-Gel Transition of Casein Micelle Dispersions Concentrated at 7 °C and 20 °C.

The objective of this work is to bring new information about the influence of temperatures (7 °C and 20 °C) on the equation of state and sol-gel transition behavior of casein micelle dispersions. Casein micelle dispersions have been concentrated and equilibrated at different osmotic pressures using equilibrium dialysis at 7 °C and 20 °C. The osmotic stress technique measured the osmotic pressures of the dispersions over a wide range of concentrations.

Annotation data about multi criteria assessment methods used in the agri-food research: The french national institute for agricultural research (INRA) experience.

This data article contains annotation data characterizing Multi Criteria Assessment (MCA) Methods proposed in the agri-food sector by researchers from INRA, Europe's largest agricultural research institute (INRA, http://institut.inra.fr/en).

Milk polar lipids reduce lipid cardiovascular risk factors in overweight postmenopausal women: towards a gut sphingomyelin-cholesterol interplay.

Objective: To investigate whether milk polar lipids (PL) impact human intestinal lipid absorption, metabolism, microbiota and associated markers of cardiometabolic health.

Design: A double-blind, randomised controlled 4-week study involving 58 postmenopausal women was used to assess the chronic effects of milk PL consumption (0, 3 or 5 g-PL/day) on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota. The acute effects of milk PL on intestinal absorption and metabolism of cholesterol were assessed in a randomised controlled crossover study using tracers in ileostomy patients.

Polar lipid composition of bioactive dairy co-products buttermilk and butterserum: Emphasis on sphingolipid and ceramide isoforms.

Bioactive lipids of the milk fat globule membrane become concentrated in two co-products of the butter industry, buttermilk and butterserum. Their lipid composition is detailed here with special emphasis on sphingolipid composition of nutritional interest, determined using GC, HPLC and tandem mass spectrometry. Butterserum was 2.

How High Concentrations of Proteins Stabilize the Amorphous State of Calcium Orthophosphate: A Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Study of the Casein Case.

Understanding how proteins stabilize amorphous calcium ortho-phosphate (ACP) phases is of great importance in biology and for pharmaceutical or food applications. Until now, most of the former investigations about ACP-protein stability and equilibrium were performed under conditions where ACP colloidal nanoclusters are surrounded by low to moderate concentrations of peptides or proteins (15-30 g L). As a result, the question of ACP-protein interactions in highly concentrated protein systems has clearly been overlooked, whereas it corresponds to actual industrial conditions such as drying or membrane filtration in the dairy industry for instance.

Diffusion and partitioning of macromolecules in casein microgels: evidence for size-dependent attractive interactions in a dense protein system.

Understanding the mechanisms that determine the diffusion and interaction of macromolecules (such as proteins and polysaccharides) that disperse through dense media is an important fundamental issue in the development of innovative technological and medical applications. In the current work, the partitioning and diffusion of macromolecules of different sizes (from 4 to 10 nm in diameter) and shapes (linear or spherical) within dispersions of casein micelles (a protein microgel) is studied. The coefficients for diffusion and partition are measured using FRAP (fluorescence recovery after photobleaching) and analyzed with respect to the structural characteristics of the microgel determined by the use of TEM (transmission electron microscopy) tomography.

Correction: Structural heterogeneity of milk casein micelles: a SANS contrast variation study.

Correction for 'Structural heterogeneity of milk casein micelles: a SANS contrast variation study' by Antoine Bouchoux et al., Soft Matter, 2015, DOI: 10.1039/c4sm01705f.

Structural heterogeneity of milk casein micelles: a SANS contrast variation study.

We examine the internal structure of milk casein micelles using the contrast variation method in Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS). Experiments were performed with casein dispersions of different origins (i.e.

Chemical cleaning/disinfection and ageing of organic UF membranes: a review.

Membrane separation processes have become a basic unit operation for process design and product development. These processes are used in a variety of separation and concentration steps, but in all cases, the membranes must be cleaned regularly to remove both organic and inorganic material deposited on the surface and/or into the membrane bulk. Cleaning/disinfection is a vital step in maintaining the permeability and selectivity of the membrane in order to get the plant to its original capacity, to minimize risks of bacteriological contamination, and to make acceptable products.

A general approach for predicting the filtration of soft and permeable colloids: the milk example.

Membrane filtration operations (ultra-, microfiltration) are now extensively used for concentrating or separating an ever-growing variety of colloidal dispersions. However, the phenomena that determine the efficiency of these operations are not yet fully understood. This is especially the case when dealing with colloids that are soft, deformable, and permeable.

Molecular mobility in dense protein systems: an investigation through 1H NMR relaxometry and diffusometry.

Understanding how proteins behave in highly concentrated systems is a major issue in many fields of research, including biology, biophysics, and chemical engineering. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive (1)H NMR study of molecular mobility in dilute to highly concentrated dispersions of the exact same protein (casein) but organized in two distinct supramolecular forms: spongelike casein micelles or soft casein aggregates. Both relaxometry and diffusometry experiments were performed, so that three different parameters are reported: spin-spin relaxation rates of non-water protons (1/T(2,ne)), spin-spin relaxation rates of water protons (1/T(2,e+w)), and water self-diffusion coefficients (D(w)).

How to squeeze a sponge: casein micelles under osmotic stress, a SAXS study.

By combining the osmotic stress technique with small-angle x-ray scattering measurements, we followed the structural response of the casein micelle to an overall increase in concentration. When the aqueous phase that separates the micelles is extracted, they behave as polydisperse repelling spheres and their internal structure is not affected. When they are compressed, the micelles lose water and shrink to a smaller volume.

A methodology for monitoring globular milk protein changes induced by ultrafiltration: a dual structural and functional approach.

Understanding filtration mechanisms at a molecular level is important for predicting structural and functional properties of globular milk proteins after membrane operations. This stage is thus highly decisive for the further development of membrane separations as an efficient alternative to chromatographic processes for the fractionation of milk proteins. In this study, we proposed an original and complete analytical package for the examination of the putative effect of filtration at both macroscopic and molecular levels.

Recommendations for rationalizing cleaning-in-place in the dairy industry: case study of an ultra-high temperature heat exchanger.

The objective of this work was to propose a new strategy, based on objective and rational arguments and calculations, that can be implemented by plant designers and operators in the dairy industry to reduce operating time and the volume and load of effluents. The strategy is based on the on-line and off-line use of sensors and tracers, the accuracy, relevance, and robustness of which were evaluated for each phase of the sequence used for cleaning an industrial sterilizer. The efficient duration of each phase of the cleaning sequence (management of the end of operation) and the sorting of the fluids (management of mixtures and destination of fluids) were determined in real time.

Rheology and phase behavior of dense casein micelle dispersions.

Casein micelle dispersions have been concentrated through osmotic stress and examined through rheological experiments. In conditions where the casein micelles are separated from each other, i.e.

Casein micelle dispersions under osmotic stress.

Casein micelles dispersions have been concentrated and equilibrated at different osmotic pressures using equilibrium dialysis. This technique measured an equation of state of the dispersions over a wide range of pressures and concentrations and at different ionic strengths. Three regimes were found.

Effect of prehydrolysis of milk fat on its conversion to biogas.

Milk fat is considered to be the main limiting component of the kinetics of dairy wastewater anaerobic digestion. The objective of this work was to give a better understanding of the nonelucidated anaerobic degradation steps of milk fat. For that purpose, the kinetics of fat degradation was quantified in comparison with other milk components (lactose, proteins), regarding the milk fat polluting load and structure [globular (native state), triglycerides].

The membrane role in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor for purification of dairy wastewaters: a numerical simulation.

A simplified modelling and a simulation of a membrane-coupled anaerobic bioreactor, AMBR were performed to assess the potential of controlled retention of solutes by the membrane, R, on biomass growth and of purified water quality. R was shown to be a major parameter, which enables to uncouple the hydraulic resistance time, HRT from the solute retention time, independent of biomass retention, and has a significant effect on purified water quality. Therefore, from a theoretical point of view, it facilitates reaching high biodegradation in a small volume membrane reactor.

Spatial and temporal in situ evolution of the concentration profile during casein micelle ultrafiltration probed by small-angle X-ray scattering.

Understanding the mechanisms involved in structural development in the vicinity of membrane constitutes a considerable challenge in the improvement of ultrafiltration process in industrial applications. In situ small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) performed with custom-made ultrafiltration cell has permitted the structural arrangement to be probed and concentration profiles to be obtained in deposited layers during frontal filtration of casein micelle suspension. SAXS allowed the structure of the accumulated layers of casein micelles between 280 microm and 1 mm from the membrane surface to be followed at length scales from a few nanometers to about 100 nm.

Denitrification potential and rates of complex carbon source from dairy effluents in activated sludge system.

A predictive model for the denitrification performance of complex carbon sources was proposed based on compositional data. Potential and rates of denitrification of single dairy components (lactose, lactate, proteins, fat), as well as binary and complex (modelled "process water") mixtures were assessed using test for nitrogen uptake rate (NUR). In all experiments, denitrification potential of mixtures was found to be significantly higher than the sum of individual potentials and denitrification rate with the readily biodegradable moiety of the mixtures was similar to the highest rate obtained with individual components (lactose or lactate).