Unanticipated mid-flight external trunk perturbation increased frontal plane ACL loading variables during sidestep cuttings.

Unanticipated trunk perturbation is commonly observed when anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries occur during direction-changing manoeuvres. This study aimed to quantify the effect of mid-flight medial-lateral external trunk perturbation directions/locations on ACL loading variables during sidestep cuttings. Thirty-two recreational athletes performed sidestep cuttings under combinations of three perturbation directions (no-perturbation, ipsilateral-perturbation, and contralateral-perturbation relative to the cutting leg) and two perturbation locations (upper-trunk versus lower-trunk).

Falling decreased anterior cruciate ligament loading variables during single-leg landings after mid-flight external trunk perturbation.

Mid-flight external upper-trunk perturbation is associated with increased anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk during landing. This study aimed to assess the effect of natural, soft, and falling landing techniques on knee mechanics and vertical ground reaction forces (VGRF) during single-leg landings with/without mid-flight medial-lateral external upper-trunk pushing perturbation. Twenty-eight participants performed single-leg landings using the three landing techniques with/without mid-flight pushing perturbation.

Indirect contact matters: Mid-flight external trunk perturbation increased unilateral anterior cruciate ligament loading variables during jump-landings.

Purpose: To determine the effect of unanticipated mid-flight medial-lateral external perturbation of the upper or lower trunk on anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) loading variables during jump-landings.

Methods: Thirty-two participants performed double-leg vertical jump-landings while bilateral kinematics and kinetics were collected under 6 conditions (upper or lower trunk perturbation locations; no, left, or right perturbation directions). Two customized catapult apparatuses were created to apply pushing perturbation to participants near the maximal jump height.

The influence of decision making and divided attention on lower limb biomechanics associated with anterior cruciate ligament injury: a narrative review.

Cognitive loads have been shown to influence anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk. Two main sources of cognitive loads that athletes experience are decision making and dividing attention between multiple tasks. The aim of this paper was to review previous studies examining the effects of decision making and divided attention on lower limb biomechanics during landing and cutting.

Trunk motion and anterior cruciate ligament injuries: a narrative review of injury videos and controlled jump-landing and cutting tasks.

The aims of this narrative review were to summarise trunk motion and external trunk perturbation observed in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury videos and to review the association between trunk motion and ACL loading variables in controlled jump-landing and cutting tasks in non-injured populations. Video analyses have shown limited trunk flexion and increased trunk lateral bending towards the injured leg are associated with increased risk of ACL injuries, while trunk axial rotation away from the injured leg is more frequent than rotation towards the injured leg. Contact with the trunk before and at the time of the injury is common and might increase the risk of ACL injury.

Lower Limb Asymmetry After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Adolescent Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: To identify reported (1) common biomechanical asymmetries in the literature after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in adolescents during landing and (2) timescales for asymmetry to persist postsurgery.

Data Sources: We identified sources by searching the CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus electronic databases using the following search terms: asymmetry OR symmetry AND landing AND biomechanics OR kinematics OR kinetics.

Study Selection: We screened the titles and abstracts of 85 articles using our inclusion criteria.

Full gait cycle analysis of lower limb and trunk kinematics and muscle activations during walking in participants with and without ankle instability.

Background: Chronic ankle instability (CAI) has previously been linked to altered lower limb kinematics and muscle activation characteristics during walking, though little research has been performed analysing the full time-series across the stance and swing phases of gait.

Research Question: The aim of this study was to compare trunk and lower limb kinematics and muscle activity between those with chronic ankle instability and healthy controls.

Methods: Kinematics and muscle activity were measured in 18 (14 males, 4 females) healthy controls (age 22.

Accelerometery and Heart Rate Responses of Professional Fast-Medium Bowlers in One-Day and Multi-Day Cricket.

The physical demands of fast-medium bowling are increasingly being recognised, yet comparative exploration of the differing demands between competitive formats (i.e. one-day [OD] versus multi-day [MD] matches) remain minimal.

The effect of repetitive ankle perturbations on muscle reaction time and muscle activity.

The use of a tilt platform to simulate a lateral ankle sprain and record muscle reaction time is a well-established procedure. However, a potential caveat is that repetitive ankle perturbation may cause a natural attenuation of the reflex latency and amplitude. This is an important area to investigate as many researchers examine the effect of an intervention on muscle reaction time.

The effect of dimple error on the horizontal launch angle and side spin of the golf ball during putting.

This study aimed to examine the effect of the impact point on the golf ball on the horizontal launch angle and side spin during putting with a mechanical putting arm and human participants. Putts of 3.2 m were completed with a mechanical putting arm (four putter-ball combinations, total of 160 trials) and human participants (two putter-ball combinations, total of 337 trials).

Reliability of an experimental method to analyse the impact point on a golf ball during putting.

This study aimed to examine the reliability of an experimental method identifying the location of the impact point on a golf ball during putting. Forty trials were completed using a mechanical putting robot set to reproduce a putt of 3.2 m, with four different putter-ball combinations.

The effects of bag style on muscle activity of the trapezius, erector spinae and latissimus dorsi during walking in female university students.

Back pain is common in adolescents which has been associated with carrying a bag. However, there is little research examining the effects of bag style in female adolescents. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of different bag conditions on muscle activity of the trapezius, erector spinae and latissimus dorsi muscles in female university students during walking.

A review of recent perspectives on biomechanical risk factors associated with anterior cruciate ligament injury.

There is considerable evidence to support a number of biomechanical risk factors associated with non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. This paper aims to review these biomechanical risk factors and highlight future directions relating to them. Current perspectives investigating trunk position and relationships between strength, muscle activity and biomechanics during landing/cutting highlight the importance of increasing hamstring muscle force during dynamic movements through altering strength, muscle activity, muscle length and contraction velocity.

The athletic profile of fast bowling in cricket: a review.

Cricket is a global sport played in over 100 countries with elite performers attracting multimillion dollar contracts. Therefore, performers maintaining optimum physical fitness and remaining injury free is important. Fast bowlers have a vital position in a cricket team, and there is an increasing body of scientific literature that has reviewed this role over the past decade.

Field based reliability and validity of the bioharness™ multivariable monitoring device.

The Bioharness™ device is designed for monitoring physiological variables in free-living situations but has only been proven to be reliable and valid in a laboratory environment. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the reliability and validity of the Bioharness™ using a field based protocol. Twenty healthy males participated.

Bioharness(™) Multivariable Monitoring Device: Part. II: Reliability.

The Bioharness(™) monitoring system may provide physiological information on human performance but the reliability of this data is fundamental for confidence in the equipment being used. The objective of this study was to assess the reliability of each of the 5 Bioharness(™) variables using a treadmill based protocol. 10 healthy males participated.

Bioharness(™) multivariable monitoring device: part. I: validity.

The Bioharness(™) monitoring system may provide physiological information on human performance but there is limited information on its validity. The objective of this study was to assess the validity of all 5 Bioharness(™) variables using a laboratory based treadmill protocol. 22 healthy males participated.

The effects of opposition and gender on knee kinematics and ground reaction force during landing from volleyball block jumps.

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of opposition and gender on knee kinematics and ground reaction force during landing from a volleyball block jump. Six female and six male university volleyball players performed two landing tasks: (a) an unopposed and (b) an opposed volleyball block jump and landing. A 12-camera motion analysis system (120 Hz) was used to record knee kinematics, and a force platform (600 Hz) was used to record ground reaction force during landing.

Gender differences in lower limb frontal plane kinematics during landing.

The aim of this study was to investigate gender differences in knee valgus angle and inter-knee and inter-ankle distances in university volleyball players when performing opposed block jump landings. Six female and six male university volleyball players performed three dynamic trials each for which they were instructed to jump up and block a volleyball suspended above a net set at the height of a standard volleyball net as it was spiked against them by an opposing player. Knee valgus/varus, inter-knee distance, and inter-ankle distance (absolute and relative to height) were determined during landing using three-dimensional motion analysis.

Lower limb coordination and stiffness during landing from volleyball block jumps.

The aim of the study was to investigate lower limb coordination and stiffness in five male and five female university volleyball players performing block jump landings. Coordination was assessed using angle-angle plots of the hip-knee, knee-ankle and hip-ankle joint couplings and discrete relative phase (DRP) of right-left joint couplings (i.e.

A risk-factor model for anterior cruciate ligament injury.

The incidence of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is reported to be 6-8 times greater in females than males competing in the same activities. Injury to the ACL occurs as a result of insufficient stability of the tibiofemoral joint, which fails to prevent posterior dislocation of the femur on the tibia. The stability of the tibiofemoral joint is maintained by passive (non-contractile) and dynamic (contractile) mechanisms.