Solvent Isotherms and Structural Transitions in Nanoparticle Superlattice Assembly.

We introduce a Molecular Theory for Compressible Fluids (MOLT-CF) that enables us to compute free energies and other thermodynamic functions for nanoparticle superlattices with any solvent content, including the dry limit. Quantitative agreement is observed between MOLT-CF and united-atom molecular dynamics simulations performed to assess the reliability and precision of the theory. Among other predictions, MOLT-CF shows that the amount of solvent within the superlattice decreases approximately linearly with its vapor pressure and that in the late stages of drying, solvent-filled voids form at lattice interstitials.

Molecular Theory: A Tool for Predicting the Outcome of Self-Assembly of Polymers, Nanoparticles, Amphiphiles, and Other Soft Materials.

The supramolecular organization of soft materials, such as colloids, polymers, and amphiphiles, results from a subtle balance of weak intermolecular interactions and entropic forces. This competition can drive the self-organization of soft materials at the nano-/mesoscale. Modeling soft-matter self-assembly requires, therefore, considering a complex interplay of forces at the relevant length scales without sacrificing the molecular details that define the chemical identity of the system.

Scission energies of surfactant wormlike micelles loaded with nonpolar additives.

Hypothesis: The previously observed effects of nonpolar additives on the scission energy and rheological properties of surfactant wormlike micelles can be explained in terms of the spatial distribution of the additive within the micelles. The dependence of the scission energy with the molecular organization of the system can be analyzed with a molecular theory capable of describing the thermodynamics and structure of the micelles.

Theory: A new theoretical method to determine the scission energy of surfactant wormlike micelles is introduced.

Control of Peptide Amphiphile Supramolecular Nanostructures by Isosteric Replacements.

Supramolecular nanostructures with tunable properties can have applications in medicine, pharmacy, and biotechnology. In this work, we show that the self-assembly behavior of peptide amphiphiles (PAs) can be effectively tuned by replacing the carboxylic acids exposed to the aqueous media with isosteres, functionalities that share key physical or chemical properties with another chemical group. Transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and small-angle X-ray scattering studies indicated that the nanostructure's morphologies are responsive to the ionization states of the side chains, which are related to their p values.

Molecular Basis for the Morphological Transitions of Surfactant Wormlike Micelles Triggered by Encapsulated Nonpolar Molecules.

Surfactant wormlike micelles are prone to experience morphological changes, including the transition to spherical micelles, upon the addition of nonpolar additives. These morphological transitions have profound implications in diverse technological areas, such as the oil and personal-care industries. In this work, additive-induced morphological transitions in wormlike micelles were studied using a molecular theory that predicts the equilibrium morphology and internal molecular organization of the micelles as a function of their composition and the molecular properties of their components.

Twisting of Charged Nanoribbons to Helicoids Driven by Electrostatics.

Charged amphiphiles in solution usually self-assemble into flat nanoribbons that spontaneously twist into different shapes. The role of electrostatics in this process is still under strong debate. This work studies the electrostatic free energy of twisting a nanoribbon at the level of the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann approximation.

Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly of Polymers with Pairing Interactions.

A molecular theory is introduced to model the layer-by-layer self-assembly (LbL-SA) of polymers with pairing interactions. Our theory provides a general framework to describe nonelectrostatic LbL-SA as the pairing interactions generically describe the formation of bonds between two complementary chemical species, for example, hydrogen donor and acceptor in hydrogen-bonding-LbL or host and guest in host-guest-LbL. The theory predicts fundamental observations related to LbL-SA: (i) phase separation of a mixture of polymers with pairing interactions in bulk solution, (ii) linear increase in film thickness with the number of LbL adsorption steps, (iii) stoichiometry overcompensation after each adsorption step, and (iv) interpenetration of polymer layers.

Lithium solvation in dimethyl sulfoxide-acetonitrile mixtures.

We present molecular dynamics simulation results pertaining to the solvation of Li(+) in dimethyl sulfoxide-acetonitrile binary mixtures. The results are potentially relevant in the design of Li-air batteries that rely on aprotic mixtures as solvent media. To analyze effects derived from differences in ionic size and charge sign, the solvation of Li(+) is compared to the ones observed for infinitely diluted K(+) and Cl(-) species, in similar solutions.