How to increase value and reduce waste in research: initial experiences of applying Lean thinking and visual management in research leadership.

Waste in research has been well documented, but initiatives to reduce it are scarce. Here, we share our initial experiences of implementing Lean thinking and visual management into hospital research units in the Region of Southern Denmark. A Transformation Guiding Team (TGT) anchored in the top management was established with participation from leaders, researchers and patient representatives.

Patients Own Safety Incidents Reports to the Danish Patient Safety Database Possess a Unique but Underused Learning Potential in Patient Safety.

Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze how patients' own reports of safety incidents to the Danish Patient Safety Database can contribute to patient safety.

Background: Patient involvement enhances patient safety; however, there is a shortage of tools capable of systematically capturing and usage of patients' own reports. Since 2012, the Danish Patient Safety Database (DPSD) has comprised such a tool.

Smoking cross-culturally: risk perceptions among young adults in Denmark and the United States.

Research examining smokers' understanding of their smoking risk reveals that smokers acknowledge some risk but often deny or minimize personal risk. We examined risk perceptions of lung cancer among smokers and non-smokers in a smoking-lenient (Denmark) and a smoking-prohibitive (the United States) culture. Participants were 275 Danish students attending trade schools (mean age 22.

"I did it my way"--an explorative study of the smoking cessation process among Danish youth.

Objective: To explore the smoking cessation process of adolescents and their attitudes and beliefs towards smoking cessation and cessation interventions.

Method: Focus group discussions and individual interviews during April-May 2004 with 26 persons aged 15-21 years who all initiated a quit attempt on 1 January 2004.

Results: The approach towards all stages of the youth smoking cessation process varied greatly among both successful and unsuccessful quitters.

The Association between leisure time physical activity and smoking in adolescence: an examination of potential mediating and moderating factors.

Background: Although physical activity has been associated negatively with smoking in adolescence, the association is not well understood.

Purpose: This study examines the relationship between adolescents' leisure time physical activity and smoking behavior, while considering BMI, weight concern, sense of coherence, and physically active self-concept as potential mediating and moderating variables.

Method: Data were obtained through a postal survey among 3,940 Danes aged 16 to 20.

Comparison of coagulant activity of factor VII and activated factor VII activity assays when used for determination of recombinant activated factor VII levels in plasma.

Two assays [coagulant activity of factor VII (FVII:C) and activated factor VII (FVIIa) activity] are currently available for the assessment of factor VII and FVIIa pharmacokinetics. This article presents the results of a comparison of the two assays when applied both in vitro as well as during clinical pharmacokinetic trials of recombinant FVIIa (rFVIIa) administered to healthy individuals and haemophilia patients. The in-vitro data showed that, for the FVII:C assay, plasma samples do not dilute in parallel.

Youth crowds and substance use: the impact of perceived group norm and multiple group identification.

The impact of group identity on adolescent tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use was examined through a postal survey. The study included adolescents who identified with 1 subgroup (n = 1425) as well as adolescents who identified with 2 (n = 895) or 3 (n = 339) subgroups. The results showed that identification with the pop, skate/hip-hop, techno, and hippie subgroups was associated with higher risks of substance use, whereas identification with the sporty, quiet, computer nerd, and religious subgroups was associated with lower risks.

Smoking among upper secondary pupils with asthma: reasons for their smoking behavior: a population-based study.

We compared why adolescent pupils with and without asthma started smoking and currently smoke. Girls with asthma started smoking less often because of friends smoking, and asthmatics started more often because of pressure, especially asthmatic boys. Fewer asthmatics smoked currently for social reasons and more to stay slim, mainly asthmatic boys.

Inference methods for correlated left truncated lifetimes: parent and offspring relations in an adoption study.

The associations in mortality of adult adoptees and their biological or adoptive parents have been studied in order to separate genetic and environmental influences. The 1003 Danish adoptees born 1924-26 have previously been analysed in a Cox regression model, using dichotomised versions of the parents' lifetimes as covariates. This model will be referred to as the conditional Cox model, as it analyses lifetimes of adoptees conditional on parental lifetimes.

The association between high blood pressure, physical fitness, and body mass index in adolescents.

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the association of fitness and fatness with blood pressure (BP) and hypertension. This was a cross-sectional study of 13,557 boys and girls 15-20 years of age. Fitness was estimated from a shuttle run test, fatness from body mass index (BMI), and BP was measured sitting after 5 min of rest.

Case-control study of genetic and environmental influences on premature death of adult adoptees.

Genetic and environmental influence on risk of premature death in adulthood was investigated by estimating the associations in total and cause-specific mortality of adult Danish adoptees and their biological and adoptive parents. Among all 14,427 nonfamilial adoptions formally granted in Denmark during the period 1923 through 1947, we identified 976 case families in which the adoptee died before a fixed date. As control families, we selected 976 families where the adoptees were alive on that date, and matched to the case adoptees with regard to gender and year and month of birth.