A neuropsychological rehabilitation service delivery model for South African adults with acquired brain injury (RSDM-SA).

In low- and- middle- income countries (LMICs) such as South Africa, a high number of Acquired Brain Injuries (ABIs) and a lack of accessibility to healthcare lead to many survivors of brain injury not receiving the level of healthcare and rehabilitation required. Further, in LMICs life-saving or acute care is prioritized with an inadequate focus on the lifelong effects of ABI. This study used Program Theory to develop a Rehabilitation Service Delivery Model for South African Adults with Acquired Brain Injury (RSDM-SA) that caters for the unique nuances of a resource-constrained and culturally diverse context.

I36T↑T mutation in South African subtype C (C-SA) HIV-1 protease significantly alters protease-drug interactions.

The efficacy of HIV-1 protease (PR) inhibition therapies is often compromised by the emergence of mutations in the PR molecule that reduces the binding affinity of inhibitors while maintaining viable catalytic activity and affinity for natural substrates. In the present study, we used a recombinant HIV-1 C-SA PR and a recently reported variant for inhibition (Ki, IC50) and thermodynamic studies against nine clinically used inhibitors. This is the first time that binding free energies for C-SA PR and the mutant are reported.

Neuroprotective potential of Linezolid: a quantitative and distribution study via mass spectrometry.

A study was undertaken to determine the neuroprotective potential of Linezolid (LIN) in an animal model. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were either given a single (100 mg/kg) dose or treated daily for 4 weeks. A validated LC-MS/MS method was used to measure LIN levels in plasma and brain, this was paired with mass spectrometry imaging to determine the tissue spatial distribution of the drug.

Small molecule distribution in rat lung: a comparison of various cryoprotectants as inflation media and their applicability to MSI.

Given the recent explosion of mass spectrometric imaging (MSI), it has become easier to assess drug tissue localisation without the use of radiolabeling and other more complex methods (such as PET and MRI). For MSI tissue preparation is of utmost importance, however, the lung in particular does pose some difficulties with imaging since it is made up of a number of air-filled alveoli. These organs are known to collapse when the thoracic cavity is pierced, losing its structural integrity and giving poor histological representation for drug distribution analysis.

A TEST OF SHARKEY AND SINGELIS' (1995) MODEL OF SELF-CONSTRUAL AND EMBARRASSABILITY: SITUATIONAL VERSUS DISPOSITIONAL FACTORS.

Sharkey and Singelis (1995 ) tested a model of embarrassment focusing on strength of independent self-construal, sensitivity to evaluation, and strength of interdependent self-construal. Their findings indicated social anxiety and self-construal explained 28% of the variance in embarrassability. Separately, social anxiety contributed 5.

Experimental climate warming enforces seed dormancy in South African Proteaceae but seedling drought resilience exceeds summer drought periods.

Two hypotheses-that elevated night-time temperatures due to climate warming would enforce post-fire dormancy of Proteaceae seed due to low moisture, and that periods without rain during summer would exceed desiccation periods tolerated by Proteaceae seedlings-were tested empirically. Enforced dormancy, i.e.

A critical survey of average distances between catalytic carboxyl groups in glycoside hydrolases.

Published X-ray crystallographic structures for glycoside hydrolases (GHs) from 39 different families are surveyed according to some rigorous selection criteria, and the distances separating 208 pairs of catalytic carboxyl groups (20 α-retaining, 87 β-retaining, 38 α-inverting, and 63 β-inverting) are analyzed. First, the average of all four inter-carboxyl O…O distances for each pair is determined; second, the mean of all the pair-averages within each GH family is determined; third, means are determined for groups of GH families. No significant differences are found for free structures compared with those complexed with a ligand in the active site of the enzyme, nor for α-GHs as compared with β-GHs.

Preclinical evaluation of 68Ga-labeled 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid-ubiquicidin as a radioligand for PET infection imaging.

Unlabelled: Antimicrobial peptides such as ubiquicidin (UBI) are believed to differentiate between mammalian and bacterial or fungal cells. (99m)Tc-UBI29-41 was previously tested for detecting infection in humans using SPECT. For the present study, the UBI fragment UBI29-41 (TGRAKRRMQYNRR) was conjugated to 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-triacetic acid (NOTA), radiolabeled with (68)Ga, and investigated in a rabbit infection model.

Butane-1,4-diammonium bis(perchlorate).

The butane-1,4-diammonium cation of the title compound, C(4)H(14)N(2) (2+)·2ClO(4) (-), lies on a special position of site symmetry 2/m, whereas the perchlorate anion is located on a crystallographic mirror plane. An intricate three-dimensional hydrogen-bonding network exists in the crystal structure with each H atom of the ammonium group exhibiting bifurcated inter-actions to the perchlorate anion. Complex hydrogen-bonded ring and chain motifs are also evident, in particular a 50-membered ring with graph-set notation R(10) (10)(50) is identified.

Assessment of changes in photosystem II structure and function as affected by water deficit in Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. and Amaranthus hybridus L.

The present study describes the behaviour of photosystem II (PSII) in Amaranthus hypochondriacus and Amaranthus hybridus under water stress conditions, assessed by the analyses of the polyphasic rise in chlorophyll a fluorescence (O-J-I-P). We determined the adaptive behaviour in relation to the regulation of the different functional and structural parameters of PSII, which was a direct and rapid response due to changes in soil water status indicated by a decrease in leaf water potential and relative water content. It allows for the identification of specific key or limiting chlorophyll fluorescence parameters which could be used to identify traits conveying tolerance.

Executive functioning and positive psychological characteristics: a replication and extension.

Positive psychological characteristics and executive function are correlated with gratitude, satisfaction with life, and forgiveness. The goal of this study was to replicate these findings while examining two additional constructs, namely, hope and optimism. 113 students (25 men, 88 women) between the ages of 17 to 24 years (M = 19.

Ethane-1,2-diammonium dibromide: a redetermination at 100 K.

In the redetermined [for the previous study, see Søtofte (1976 ▶). Acta Chem. Scand.

Effect of trifluoroacetate, a persistent degradation product of fluorinated hydrocarbons, on Phaseolus vulgaris and Zea mays.

The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of the pollutant, trifluoroacetate (TFA), on growth and photosynthesis of Phaseolus vulgaris (C(3)) and Zea mays (C(4)) in order to elucidate the physiological and biochemical basis of its inhibitory action. In whole plant studies, photosynthetic gas exchange, fast phase fluorescence kinetics and Rubisco activity were measured in parallel over a 14-day period in plants cultivated in a water culture system with NaTFA added at concentrations ranging from 0.625 to 160mgl(-1).

Hexane-1,6-diammonium dinitrate.

The hexane-1,6-diammonium cation of the title compound, C(6)H(18)N(2) (2+)·2NO(3) (-), lies across a crystallographic inversion centre and shows significant deviation from planarity in the hydro-carbon chain. This is evident from the torsion angle of -64.0°(2) along the N-C-C-C bond and thse torsion angle of -67.

Penta-carbonyl-2κC-chlorido-1κCl-bis-[1(η)-cyclo-penta-dien-yl](μ-1-oxido-ethyl-ene-1:2κO:C)chromium(0)zirconium(IV).

The title compound, [CrZr(C(5)H(5))(2)(C(2)H(3)O)Cl(CO)(5)], consists of two metal centres, with a (penta-carbonyl-chromium)oxymethyl-carbene group coordinating as a monodentate ligand to the zirconocene chloride. π-Delocalization through the Zr-O-C=Cr unit is indicated by a short Zr-O distance [2.041 (3) Å] and a nearly linear Zr-O-C angle [170.

Hydrogen-bonding motifs and thermotropic polymorphism in redetermined halide salts of hexamethylenediamine.

The redetermined crystal structures of hexane-1,6-diammonium dichloride, C(6)H(18)N(2)(2+) x 2 Cl(-), (I), hexane-1,6-diammonium dibromide, C(6)H(18)N(2)(2+) x 2 Br(-), (II), and hexane-1,6-diammonium diiodide, C(6)H(18)N(2)(2+) x 2 I(-), (III), are described, focusing on their hydrogen-bonding motifs. The chloride and bromide salts are isomorphous, with both demonstrating a small deviation from planarity [173.89 (10) and 173.

The role of low soil temperature in the inhibition of growth and PSII function during dark chilling in soybean genotypes of contrasting tolerance.

Dark chilling affects growth and yield of warm-climate crops such as soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.].

Penta-carbonyl-2κC-chlorido-1κCl-bis-[1(η)-cyclo-penta-dien-yl][μ(2)-oxido(meth-yl)methyl-ene-1:2κO:C]tungsten(0)zirconium(IV).

The title compound, [ZrW(C(5)H(5))(2)(C(2)H(3)O)Cl(CO)(5)] or [W(CO)(5)C(CH(3))OZr(C(5)H(5))(2)Cl], consists of two metal centres, with a (tungsten penta-carbon-yl)oxymethyl-carbene group coordinating as a monodentate ligand to the chloridozirconocene. The two halves of the mol-ecule are related by a crystallographic mirror plane. Delocalization through the Zr-O-C=W unit is indicated by a short Zr-O distance and a nearly linear Zr-O-C angle.

Variable-temperature powder X-ray diffraction of aromatic carboxylic acid and carboxamide cocrystals.

The effect of temperature on the cocrystallization of benzoic acid (BA), pentafluorobenzoic acid (FBA), benzamide (BAm), and pentafluorobenzamide (FBAm) is examined in the solid state. BA and FBA formed a 1:1 complex 1 at ambient temperature by grinding with a mortar and pestle. Grinding FBA and BAm together resulted in partial conversion into the 1:1 adduct 2 at 28 degrees C and complete transformation into the product cocrystal at 78 degrees C.

Dichlorido(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole)[(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)(o-tol-yl)methanone]palladium(II).

In the title compound, [PdCl(2)(C(5)H(8)N(2))(C(12)H(12)N(2)O)], the Pd atom adopts a slightly distorted trans-PdCl(2)N(2) square-planar arrangement. The different Pd-N bond lengths can be related to the the electron-withdrawing effect of the o-toluoyl group on the substituted pyrazole ligand. The complex crystallizes as centrosymmetric hydrogen-bonded dimers through N-H⋯Cl linkages.

Conformational, concomitant polymorphs of 4,4-diphenyl-2,5-cyclohexadienone: conformation and lattice energy compensation in the kinetic and thermodynamic forms.

4,4-Diphenyl-2,5-cyclohexadienone (1) crystallized as four conformational polymorphs and a record number of 19 crystallographically independent molecules have been characterized by low-temperature X-ray diffraction: form A (P2(1), Z'=1), form B (P1, Z'=4), form C (P1, Z'=12), and form D (Pbca, Z'=2). We have now confirmed by variable-temperature powder X-ray diffraction that form A is the thermodynamic polymorph and B is the kinetic form of the enantiotropic system A-D. Differences in the packing of the molecules in these polymorphs result from different acidic C-H donors approaching the C=O acceptor in C-H.

Limitation of photosynthetic carbon metabolism by dark chilling in temperate and tropical soybean genotypes.

In the experiments reported in this paper, we characterised the physiological and biochemical factors involved in the chilling-induced inhibition of photosynthetic carbon metabolism in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotypes of temperate and tropical adaptation.