Understanding Patient Registries for Diabetes: A Scoping Review of Published Literature.

Diabetes registries have grown in prevalence and incorporated patient engagement opportunities to support diabetes management. We aimed to understand the goals, purpose, and context for diabetes registries defined as patient-focused and how people with diabetes are engaging with these registries. We searched Pubmed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Emcare using the following criteria: (1) the population is people with diabetes mellitus, including type 1, type 2, and/or gestational diabetes; and (2) the study describes a patient focused registry.

Role of the liver in the sustained normalisation of A1c over 2 years following short-term insulin therapy in early type 2 diabetes.

Aims: When administered in early type 2 diabetes (T2DM), the strategy of 'induction' with short-term intensive insulin therapy (IIT) followed by 'maintenance' with metformin thereafter can yield outstanding glycaemic control, with some patients achieving A1c in the normal range of its assay. We thus sought to identify determinants of sustained normalisation of A1c in response to this treatment strategy.

Materials And Methods: In this study, adults with T2DM of mean duration 1.

Effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on kidney and cardiovascular disease outcomes: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Background: GLP-1 receptor agonists reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and can also have kidney benefits. However, whether GLP-1 receptor agonists improve clinically important kidney outcomes remains uncertain. We aimed to comprehensively assess the effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on kidney and cardiovascular disease outcomes by performing a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Overweight and obesity among Israeli adolescents and the risk for serious morbidity in early young adulthood: a nationwide retrospective cohort study.

Background: Morbidities related to obesity are usually associated with its severity and duration. Yet, the onset of serious morbidities in early adulthood among otherwise healthy adolescents with obesity is understudied. We aimed to investigate the association between adolescent BMI and serious morbidities before age 25 years.

Great debate: pre-diabetes is not an evidence-based treatment target for cardiovascular risk reduction.

With the increasing burden of diabetes as a cause of macro- and microvascular disease linked to the epidemics of obesity, attention is being paid to dysglycaemic states that predict and precede the development of type 2 diabetes. Such conditions, termed pre-diabetes, are characterized by fasting plasma glucose, or plasma glucose levels on an oral glucose tolerance test, or values of glycated haemoglobin intermediate between 'normal' values and those characterizing diabetes. These last are by definition associated, in epidemiological terms, with a higher incidence of microvascular disease-mostly retinopathy.

Improving analysis of cognitive outcomes in cardiovascular trials using different statistical approaches.

Background: The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) questionnaires are commonly used to measure global cognition in clinical trials. Because these scales are discrete and bounded with ceiling and floor effects and highly skewed, their analysis as continuous outcomes presents challenges. Normality assumptions of linear regression models are usually violated, which may result in failure to detect associations with variables of interest.

Impact of baseline FIB-4 score on efpeglenatide benefits on cardiovascular outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes: a participant-level exploratory analysis of the AMPLITUDE-O trial.

Aims: To estimate the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), expanded MACE, and MACE or Death across Fibrosis- 4 score (FIB-4) categories in people with type 2 diabetes and to determine whether efpeglenatide's effect varies with increasing FIB-4 severity.

Materials And Methods: AMPLITUDE-O trial data were used to estimate the relationship of FIB-4 score categories to the hazard of MACE, expanded MACE, and MACE or death. Interactions on these outcomes between baseline FIB-4 score, and between FIB-4 score and efpeglenatide were also assessed.

A Glycemic Threshold Above Which the Improvement of β-Cell Function and Glycemia in Response to Insulin Therapy Is Amplified in Early Type 2 Diabetes: The Reversal of Glucotoxicity.

Objective: Alleviation of unrecognized glucotoxicity, with resultant recovery of β-cell function, could amplify the glucose-lowering effect of pharmacotherapy and contribute to the variable therapeutic response observed among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, clinical evidence supporting this concept is lacking. Short-term intensive insulin therapy (IIT) can ameliorate glucotoxicity and improve β-cell function in early T2D.

The Effects of Diabetes on Gas Transfer Capacity, Lung Volumes, Muscle Strength, and Cardio-pulmonary Responses During Exercise.

Background: Diabetes is a risk factor for the development of vascular disease, chronic kidney disease, retinopathy, and neuropathy. Diabetes is a co-morbid condition commonly present in patients with respiratory disorders but the extent to which it influences ventilatory capacity, gas exchange, and functional capacity is not well known. Research question Does the presence of diabetes contribute to impairment in spirometry, gas transfer, and exercise capacity?

Methods: Retrospective analysis of all subjects who performed incremental cardio-pulmonary exercise testing (CPET) between 1988 and 2012 at McMaster University Medical Centre.

Relationships between ankle blood pressure indices and major adverse cardiovascular events in people with and without type 2 diabetes.

Background: The relationship between ankle blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular disease remains unclear. We examined the relationships between known and new ankle BP indices and major cardiovascular outcomes in people with and without type 2 diabetes.

Methods: We used data from 3 large trials with measurements of ankle systolic BP (SBP), ankle-brachial index (ABI, ankle SBP divided by arm SBP), and ankle-pulse pressure difference (APPD, ankle SBP minus arm pulse pressure).

Cardiovascular, Kidney, and Safety Outcomes With GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Alone and in Combination With SGLT2 Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) receptor agonists and SGLT2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) inhibitors both improve cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on clinical outcomes with and without SGLT2 inhibitors.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE and Embase databases from inception until July 12, 2024, for randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled outcome trials of GLP-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes that reported treatment effects by baseline use of SGLT2 inhibitors, with findings supplemented by unpublished data.

Cognitive function in adolescence and the risk of early-onset stroke.

Background: Stroke is increasingly prevalent at younger ages but the risk factors are uncertain. We examined the association between adolescent cognitive function and early-onset stroke.

Methods: This was a nationwide population-based cohort study of 1 741 345 Israeli adolescents (42% women) who underwent comprehensive cognitive function tests at age 16-20 years, before mandatory military service, during 1987-2012.

The association of red and processed meat with gestational diabetes mellitus: Results from 2 Canadian birth cohort studies.

Objective: Red and processed meat is considered risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but the evidence is inconclusive. We aimed to examine the association between red and processed meat intake and odds of GDM among South Asian and White European women living in Canada.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of pregnant women from two birth cohorts: SouTh Asian biRth cohorT (START; n = 976) and Family Atherosclerosis Monitoring In earLY life (FAMILY; n = 581).

Development and first-stage validation of a digital version of the Digit Symbol Substitution test for use in assessing cognitive function in older people with diabetes.

Aims: To describe the development and report the first-stage validation of a digital version of the digit symbol substitution test (DSST), for assessment of cognitive function in older people with diabetes.

Materials And Methods: A multidisciplinary team of experts was convened to conceptualize and build a digital version of the DSST and develop a machine-learning (ML) algorithm to analyse the inputs. One hundred individuals with type 2 diabetes (aged ≥ 60 years) were invited to participate in a one-time meeting in which both the digital and the pencil-and-paper (P&P) versions of the DSST were administered.

Identification of Two Distinct Immune Subtypes in Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC).

HBV is the most common risk factor for HCC development, accounting for almost 50% of cases worldwide. Despite significant advances in immunotherapy, there is limited information on the HBV-HCC tumor microenvironment (TME), which may influence the response to checkpoint inhibitors. Here, we characterize the TME in a unique series of liver specimens from HBV-HCC patients to identify who might benefit from immunotherapy.

Arm and ankle blood pressure indices, and peripheral artery disease, and mortality: a cohort study.

Background And Aims: Few studies have compared arm and ankle blood pressures (BPs) with regard to peripheral artery disease (PAD) and mortality. These relationships were assessed using data from three large prospective clinical trials.

Methods: Baseline BP indices included arm systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), pulse pressure (arm SBP minus DBP), ankle SBP, ankle-brachial index (ABI, ankle SBP divided by arm SBP), and ankle-pulse pressure difference (APPD, ankle SBP minus arm pulse pressure).