The pioneering steps of radiology in Turkey (1896-1923).

The discovery of X-rays (1895) by W.C. Roentgen has been a very important step of the modern civilization as a revolutionary technique for scientists all around the world and it has immediately been applied in medical field.

Medical ethics: a rational approach to patient management.

Physicians make their decisions based upon scientific evidence with their first consideration being the Hippocratic axiom 'not to do harm'. In practice, a number of non-medical issues influence this process and generate conflicting judgments. We analyze these issues that form the context of medical ethics which is perceived as a subject wider than morality.