Depth Profile Analysis of Thin Oxide Layers on Polycrystalline Fe-Cr.

Surfaces of polycrystalline ferritic Fe-Cr steel with grain sizes of about 13 µm in diameter were investigated with surface sensitive techniques. Thin oxide layers, with a maximum thickness of about 100 nm, were grown by oxidation in air at temperatures up to 450°C and were subsequently characterized using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) and atomic force microscopy. Correlative microscopy was applied, which allows for element-specific depth profiles on selected grains with a particular crystal orientation.

In Situ High-Temperature EBSD and 3D Phase Field Studies of the Austenite-Ferrite Transformation in a Medium Mn Steel.

In this research, in situ high-temperature electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) mapping is applied to record and analyze the migration of the α/γ interfaces during cyclic austenite-ferrite phase transformations in a medium manganese steel. The experimental study is supplemented with related 3D phase field (PF) simulations to better understand the 2D EBSD observations in the context of the 3D transformation events taking place below the surface. The in situ EBSD observations and PF simulations show an overall transformation behavior qualitatively similar to that measured in dilatometry.

Formulation and process development of (recombinant human) deoxyribonuclease I as a powder for inhalation.

A formulation and process development study was performed to formulate recombinant human deoxyribonuclease I as a powder for inhalation. First, excipient compatibility (with bovine DNase as a model substance) was examined with a stability study at stressed conditions (60 and 85 degrees C) while monitoring for occurrence of the Maillard reaction. Next, powders for inhalation were prepared by spray drying and spray freeze drying.

Efficacy of a new pulmonary cyclosporine a powder formulation for prevention of transplant rejection in rats.

Background: The aim of this pilot study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine A powder for inhalation (iCsA) and its rejection prevention efficacy in an experimental lung transplantation model in rats.

Methods: Single-dose pharmacokinetics (10 mg/kg) of pulmonary and orally administered cyclosporine A was determined in whole blood and in lung and kidney tissue. The efficacy of iCsA (2.

Mature enzymatic collagen cross-links, hydroxylysylpyridinoline and lysylpyridinoline, in the aging human vitreous.

Purpose: The vitreous body of the human eye undergoes progressive morphologic changes with aging. Since the enzymatic collagen cross-links hydroxylysylpyridinoline (HP) and lysylpyridinoline (LP) are known to be important for the integrity of the collagen matrix, the presence in the vitreous on aging was studied.

Methods: Vitreous bodies (VBs; n = 143) from 119 donors (age 4-80 years; mean +/- SD, 54.

Characterization of a cyclosporine solid dispersion for inhalation.

For lung transplant patients, a respirable, inulin-based solid dispersion containing cyclosporine A (CsA) has been developed. The solid dispersions were prepared by spray freeze-drying. The solid dispersion was characterized by water vapor uptake, specific surface area analysis, and particle size analysis.

Spray freeze drying to produce a stable Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol containing inulin-based solid dispersion powder suitable for inhalation.

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether spray freeze drying produces an inhalable solid dispersion powder in which Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is stabilised. Solutions of THC and inulin in a mixture of tertiary butanol (TBA) and water were spray freeze dried. Drug loads varied from 4 to 30 wt.

The role of particle engineering in relation to formulation and de-agglomeration principle in the development of a dry powder formulation for inhalation of cetrorelix.

We formulated cetrorelix acetate, as an adhesive mixture for use in dry powder inhalation. To achieve the highest possible deposition efficiency we investigated both the influence of different micronization techniques and different inhalers. The Novolizer with an air classifier as the powder de-agglomeration principle and the ISF inhaler were used for in vitro deposition experiments (cascade impaction).

Pharmacoeconomic review of recombinant human DNase in the management of cystic fibrosis.

For the treatment of patients with cystic fibrosis, recombinant human deoxyribonuclease I is widely used. Deoxyribonuclease I has a positive effect on lung function and the number of hospitalizations. Deoxyribonuclease I is currently administered by nebulization, which is an inefficient administration method.