Understanding the Differential Response of Setaria viridis L. (green foxtail) and Setaria pumila Poir. (yellow foxtail) to Pyroxsulam.

Green foxtail [Setaria viridis (L) Beauv.] and yellow foxtail [Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem.

Pro-insecticidal approach towards increasing in planta activity.

Background: The adrenergic mode of action was investigated for the development of potential new insecticides. Clonidine-related analogs were tested against Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). Clonidine analogs lack translation owing to a possible vacuole-trapping mechanism.

Assessment of phloem mobility of xenobiotics in Triticum aestivum and Brachypodium distachyon.

Due to evolved resistance and environmental regulations, there is a particular need in the agricultural market for a new graminicide. An essential requirement of a novel, foliar applied graminicide is sufficient phloem mobility in the plant to reach meristematic tissues for the expression of activity leading to the desired control of unwanted vegetative growth. A robust and reliable phloem bioassay utilising a monocot species is highly desirable for early stage experimental compounds.

Mevalocidin: a novel, phloem mobile phytotoxin from Fusarium DA056446 and Rosellinia DA092917.

A multiyear effort to identify new natural products was built on a hypothesis that both phytotoxins from plant pathogens and antimicrobial compounds might demonstrate herbicidal activity. The discovery of one such compound, mevalocidin, is described in the current report. Mevalocidin was discovered from static cultures of two unrelated fungal isolates designated Rosellinia DA092917 and Fusarium DA056446.

Discovery and characterization of sulfoxaflor, a novel insecticide targeting sap-feeding pests.

The discovery of sulfoxaflor [N-[methyloxido[1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridinyl]ethyl]-λ(4)-sulfanylidene] cyanamide] resulted from an investigation of the sulfoximine functional group as a novel bioactive scaffold for insecticidal activity and a subsequent extensive structure-activity relationship study. Sulfoxaflor, the first product from this new class (the sulfoximines) of insect control agents, exhibits broad-spectrum efficacy against many sap-feeding insect pests, including aphids, whiteflies, hoppers, and Lygus, with levels of activity that are comparable to those of other classes of insecticides targeting sap-feeding insects, including the neonicotinoids. However, no cross-resistance has been observed between sulfoxaflor and neonicotinoids such as imidacloprid, apparently the result of differences in susceptibility to oxidative metabolism.

The impact of uptake, translocation and metabolism on the differential selectivity between blackgrass and wheat for the herbicide pyroxsulam.

Background: Wheat shows selectivity to pyroxsulam, a new broad-spectrum herbicide with high activity on blackgrass. Studies were performed to establish whether uptake, translocation or metabolism were responsible for the differential activity in wheat compared with blackgrass. In addition, the effect of the safener cloquintocet-mexyl on metabolism was evaluated in wheat and blackgrass shoots.

Phase I/II trial of metronomic chemotherapy with daily dalteparin and cyclophosphamide, twice-weekly methotrexate, and daily prednisone as therapy for metastatic breast cancer using vascular endothelial growth factor and soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor levels as markers of response.

PURPOSE Preclinical studies indicate that metronomic chemotherapy is antiangiogenic and synergistic with other antiangiogenic agents. We designed a phase I/II study to evaluate the safety and activity of adding dalteparin and prednisone to metronomic cyclophosphamide and methotrexate in women with measurable metastatic breast cancer (MBC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients received daily dalteparin and oral cyclophosphamide, twice-weekly methotrexate, and daily prednisone (dalCMP).

Systemic properties of myclobutanil in soybean plants, affecting control of Asian soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi).

Background: The demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicide myclobutanil can be an effective component of spray programmes designed to control the highly destructive plant pathogen Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd. & P. Syd.

Prospective evaluation of quality of life in prostate cancer patients receiving combined treatment of postoperative radiotherapy plus androgen suppression for PT3 or positive resection margin after radical prostatectomy.

Objectives: To examine the effect of postoperative radiotherapy (RT) plus 2-yr androgen suppression (AS) on quality of life (QOL) in patients with pathologic T3 or positive resection margins after radical prostatectomy (RP).

Methods: Seventy-eight patients underwent postoperative RT followed by 2-yr AS, in a phase 2 study, between 1998 and 2002. Median age was 61 yr at the time of RP.

Effect of combined treatment with salvage radiotherapy plus androgen suppression on quality of life in patients with recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy.

Purpose: To examine the effect of salvage radiotherapy (RT) plus 2-year androgen suppression (AS) on quality of life (QOL).

Methods And Materials: A total of 74 patients with biopsy-proven local recurrence or PSA relapse after radical prostatectomy were treated with salvage RT plus 2-year AS, as per a phase II study. Quality of life was prospectively assessed with the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire 30-Item Version 3.

Uptake, translocation and metabolism of the herbicide florasulam in wheat and broadleaf weeds.

Florasulam is a triazolopyrimidine sulfonanilide post-emergence broadleaf herbicide for use in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The selectivity of florasulam to wheat has been determined to be related primarily to a differential rate of metabolism between wheat with a half-life of 2.

Effect of androgen suppression on hemoglobin in prostate cancer patients undergoing salvage radiotherapy plus 2-year buserelin acetate for rising PSA after surgery.

Purpose: To examine the effect of 2-year androgen suppression (AS) on the pattern and extent of hemoglobin (Hb) change.

Methods And Materials: The basis of this report was a Phase II study evaluating a combined treatment of salvage radiotherapy plus 2-year AS for a rising prostate-specific antigen level after surgery. Patients had laboratory tests performed, including Hb and serum testosterone, and answered a quality-of-life questionnaire (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality-of-life Questionnaire 30 item) at regular intervals during the AS and post-AS period.

Individualized planning target volumes for intrafraction motion during hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy boost for prostate cancer.

Purpose: The objective of the study was to access toxicities of delivering a hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) boost with individualized intrafraction planning target volume (PTV) margins and daily online correction for prostate position.

Methods And Materials: Phase I involved delivering 42 Gy in 21 fractions using three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, followed by a Phase II IMRT boost of 30 Gy in 10 fractions. Digital fluoroscopy was used to measure respiratory-induced motion of implanted fiducial markers within the prostate.

Treatment of bone metastases with palliative radiotherapy: patients' treatment preferences.

Purpose: To determine the proportion of patients undergoing palliative radiotherapy (RT) for bone pain who would like to participate in the decision-making process, and to determine their choice of palliative RT regimen (2000 cGy in five fractions vs. 800 cGy in one fraction) for painful bone metastases.

Methods And Materials: Eligible patients were approached and all patients agreeing to participate provided written informed consent.

How are hemoglobin levels affected by androgen deprivation in non-metastatic prostate cancer patients?

Purpose: To examine the change of hemoglobin in relation to testosterone level in non-metastatic prostate cancer patients receiving 2-year androgen suppression.

Methods And Materials: A cohort of 72 patients, as participants of a phase II study, were treated with adjuvant radiotherapy plus 2-year androgen suppression after surgery to reduce the risk of relapse. Patients had laboratory tests including hemoglobin (Hb) and testosterone, and a quality of life questionnaire at regular intervals during the androgen suppression and post-androgen suppression period.

Limited efficacy of salvage radiotherapy for biopsy confirmed or clinically palpable local recurrence of prostate carcinoma after surgery.

Background And Purpose: To assess the efficacy of salvage radiotherapy (RT) for biopsy confirmed or clinically palpable local recurrence of prostate adenocarcinoma after radical prostatectomy (RP).

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 44 patients treated with salvage RT for biopsy confirmed or clinically palpable local recurrence between 1991 and 2000. Thirty-six had positive biopsy for local recurrence and the rest without histological confirmation had clinically palpable disease.

Surveillance of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers with magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, mammography, and clinical breast examination.

Context: Current recommendations for women who have a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation are to undergo breast surveillance from age 25 years onward with mammography annually and clinical breast examination (CBE) every 6 months; however, many tumors are detected at a relatively advanced stage. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound may improve the ability to detect breast cancer at an early stage.

Objective: To compare the sensitivity and specificity of 4 methods of breast cancer surveillance (mammography, ultrasound, MRI, and CBE) in women with hereditary susceptibility to breast cancer due to a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation.

Wide variation of prostate-specific antigen doubling time of untreated, clinically localized, low-to-intermediate grade, prostate carcinoma.

Objective: To assess the prostate specific antigen (PSA) doubling time of untreated, clinically localized, low-to-intermediate grade prostate carcinoma.

Patients And Methods: A prospective single-arm cohort study has been in progress since November 1995 to assess the feasibility of a watchful-observation protocol with selective delayed intervention for clinically localized, low-to-intermediate grade prostate adenocarcinoma. The PSA doubling time was estimated from a linear regression of ln(PSA) against time, assuming a simple exponential growth model.

Symptom control and palliative care content of abstracts presented at the Canadian Association of Radiation Oncologists annual meetings.

Goals: Half of all patients referred for radiotherapy are treated with palliative intent. Recent emphasis has been placed on the importance of symptom control and palliative care (SCPC) in the radiation oncology community. The purpose of this study was to determine the number of abstracts relating to SCPC presented at the annual Canadian Association of Radiation Oncologists (CARO) meetings, and whether this number has increased over time.

Glypican-3: a novel serum and histochemical marker for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background & Aims: Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is critical for successful treatment. However, the differential diagnosis between HCC and benign hepatic lesions is sometimes difficult and new biochemical markers for HCC are required. It has been reported that glypican-3 (GPC3) messenger RNA (mRNA) is significantly increased in most HCCs compared with benign liver lesions or normal liver.

Intraindividual variation of PSA, free PSA and complexed PSA in a cohort of patients with prostate cancer managed with watchful observation.

Objective: To determine the intraindividual variation of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) isoforms in prostate cancer patients managed conservatively with watchful observation.

Methods: Patients with favorable clinical parameters (stage T1b-T2b N0 M0, Gleason score View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Urodynamic changes at 18 months post-therapy in patients treated with external beam radiotherapy for prostate carcinoma.

Purpose: To quantify the effect of radiotherapy (RT) on urodynamics at 18 months post-therapy, using urodynamic study, in prostate cancer patients undergoing definitive external beam RT.

Methods And Materials: A total of 17 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer were accrued into a single-arm prospective study. Fifteen of 17 patients completed scheduled multichannel video-urodynamic study at baseline as well as 3 and 18 months after RT.

(IN)-efficacy of salvage radiotherapy for rising PSA or clinically isolated local recurrence after radical prostatectomy.

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of external beam radiotherapy (RT) as salvage treatment for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) failure or local recurrence after radical prostatectomy.

Methods And Materials: Between 1991 and 1997, 98 patients underwent salvage RT to the prostatic bed at the Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre for PSA failure or local recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Thirty-six patients were treated for persistently detectable postoperative PSA levels (Group A), 26 for a delayed PSA rise (Group B), and 36 for palpable and/or biopsy-proven local recurrence (Group C).

Survey of radiation oncologists: practice patterns of the management of stage I seminoma of testis in Canada and a selected group in the United States.

Objective: To evaluate practice patterns of the management of stage I seminoma of testis in Canada and a selected group in the United States.

Materials And Methods: Survey among radiation oncologists treating genitourinary (GU) tumors in Canada and the RTOG GU committee members in the United States between January and March 2001.

Results: Response rate was 78% (73/93) in Canada and 67% (24/36) in the United States.

Feasibility study: watchful waiting for localized low to intermediate grade prostate carcinoma with selective delayed intervention based on prostate specific antigen, histological and/or clinical progression.

Purpose: We assessed the feasibility of a watchful waiting protocol with selective delayed intervention using clinical, prostate specific antigen (PSA) or histological progression as treatment indications for clinically localized prostate cancer.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective, single arm cohort study patients with favorable clinical parameters (stage T1b to T2b N0M0, Gleason score 7 or less and PSA 15 ng./ml.