Background: Radical hysterectomy based on empirical surgical anatomy to achieve a wide tumour resection is currently applied to treat early cervical cancer. Total mesometrial resection (TMMR) removes the embryologically defined uterovaginal (Müllerian) compartment except its distal part. Non-Müllerian paracervical and paravaginal tissues may remain in situ despite their possible close proximity to the tumour.
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