The Role of Surface Complexes in Ketene Formation from Fatty Acids via Pyrolysis over Silica: from Platform Molecules to Waste Biomass.

Fatty acids (FA) are the main constituents of lipids and oil crop waste, considered to be a promising 2G biomass that can be converted into ketenes via catalytic pyrolysis. Ketenes are appraised as promising synthons for the pharmaceutical, polymer, and chemical industries. Progress in the thermal conversion of short- and long-chain fatty acids into ketenes requires a deep understanding of their interaction mechanisms with the nanoscale oxide catalysts.

Insight into the active site nature of zeolite H-BEA for liquid phase etherification of isobutylene with ethanol.

The nature of active acid sites of zeolite H-BEA with different Si/Al ratios (15-407) in liquid phase etherification of isobutylene with ethanol in a continuous flow reactor in the temperature range 80-180 °C has been explored. We describe and discuss data concerning the strength and concentration of acid sites of H-BEA obtained by techniques of stepwise (quasi-equilibrium) thermal desorption of ammonia, X-ray diffraction, low-temperature adsorption of nitrogen, FTIR spectroscopy of adsorbed pyridine and solid-state Al MAS NMR. The average values of the adsorption energy of NH on H-BEA were experimentally determined as 63.