Background: The global pandemic raised ethical issues for nurses about caring for all patients, not just those with COVID-19. Italy was the first European country to be seriously affected by the first wave, while Estonia's infection and death rates were among the lowest in Europe. Did this raise different ethical issues for nurses in these two countries as well?
Aim: The aim was to describe and compare ethical issues between nurses working during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Estonia and Italy.
Aim: The aim of this study is to describe and evaluate how nurses caring for COVID and non-COVID patients assess changes in their work and in nursing activities during the two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted for Estonian nurses working during the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, using The impact of COVID-19 emergency on nursing care questionnaire. Based on convenience sampling, the data were collected among the members of professional organizations, unions and associations.
Background: A growing body of evidence about nurses' ethical conflicts has been added to nursing science in recent decades, but no research has been done in Estonia. Ethical conflicts are a cultural and context sensitive phenomenon, so the historical, legal, social, economic and political backgrounds and position of nursing have had an impact on ethical conflict experiences.
Aim: Describe nurses' experiences of ethical conflicts.