Introducing Distinct Structural and Optical Properties into Organotin Sulfide Clusters by the Attachment of Perylenyl and Corannulenyl Groups.

We report the introduction of distinct optical properties into organotin sulfide clusters by the attachment of extended polycyclic aromatic organic molecules. This was realized by the reactions of [(RSn)S] (R = CMeCHCMeNNH) with 3-perylenecarbaldehyde and corannulenecarbaldehyde, respectively. The reaction with the first reactant leads to the formation of two products [(RSn)S][SnCl] [; R = CMeCHCMeNNCH(CH)] and [(RSn)SCl] ().

Pyrene-Terminated Tin Sulfide Clusters: Optical Properties and Deposition on a Metal Surface.

Herein, we present the synthesis of two pyrene-functionalized clusters, [(R Sn) S ]⋅2 CH Cl (4) and [(R Sn) Sn S ]⋅n CH Cl (n=4, 5 a; n=2, 5 b; R =CMe CH C(Me)N-NC(H)C H ), both of which form in reactions of the organotin sulfide cluster [(R Sn) S ] (C; R =CMe CH C(Me)N-NH ) with the well-known fluorescent dye 1-pyrenecarboxaldehyde (B). In contrast, reactions using an organotin sulfide cluster with another core structure, [(R Sn) S Cl] (A), leads to formation of small molecular fragments, [(R Cl Sn) S] (1), (pyren-1-ylmethylene)hydrazine (2), and 1,2-bis(pyren-1-ylmethylene)hydrazine (3). Besides synthesis and structures of the new compounds, we report the influence of the inorganic core on the optical properties of the dye, which was analyzed exemplarily for compound 5 a via absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy.

Trapping of ZnCl by bipyridyl-functionalized organotin sulfide clusters, and its effect on optical properties.

We report the syntheses of two new organotin sulfide clusters with heteroaromatic substituents. A phenanthroline-functionalized tin sulfide cluster [(RPhenSn)4S6] (1; RPhen = CMe2CH2C(Me)N-NC(H)C12H7N2) and a bipyridyl-terminated cluster [(R4-bipySn)4S6] (2; R4-bipy = CMe2CH2C(Me)N-NC(H)-4-C10H7N2) were obtained from reactions of the hydrazone-functionalized organotin sulfide cluster [(RNSn)4S6] (RN = CMe2CH2C(Me)N-NH2) with 1,10-phenanthroline-5-carboxaldehyde or 2,2'-bipyridine-4-carbaldehyde. 1 and 2 were tested towards their capability of trapping metal ions by means of the terminal chelating ligands.

Facile Ionic Liquid-Assisted Strategy for Direct Precipitation of Eu -Activated Nanophosphors under Ambient Conditions.

This work describes a novel ionic liquid (IL)-assisted synthesis strategy for a direct and easy production of Eu -doped nanoparticles (NPs), where ILs are also used as fluoride sources to avoid the use of elemental fluorine or toxic hydrofluoric acid. Up to now, the direct synthesis of Eu -doped nanophosphors consisted of an enormous challenge, due to the oxidation to Eu observed in hydrous solution, which is commonly used for the preparation of NPs, generating lattice defects and undesired particle growth or agglomeration by additional reducing steps at high temperatures. In contrast, ILs, unless containing ClO or NO anions, do not present an oxidizing character, allowing the direct precipitation of NPs, e.

{[Ir(cod)(μ-S)](μ-S)SnCl} - a ternary Ir-Sn-S cluster with the iridium atoms in three different chemical environments.

Reactions of Sn-S clusters with [IrCl(cod)] afforded an Ir-Sn-S cluster with unprecedented topology, {[Ir(cod)(μ-S)](μ-S)SnCl}, in which two [IrS] units and a central [SnS] unit are connected via Ir-S and Ir-Sn bonds. Each of the crystallographically independent Ir atoms exhibits a specific chemical environment. Quantum chemical studies shed light on the electronic structure of the multinary cluster and the Ir-Sn bonds.

Comparison of virtual phenotype and HIV-SEQ program (Stanford) interpretation for predicting drug resistance of HIV strains.

Objective: Drug resistant HIV strains can be identified by genotypic analysis. The prediction of resistance from the HIV pol sequence, however, requires expert interpretation which is currently provided by various interpretation programs. In the present study, the comparability of two of these programs was investigated.

[Fibromyalgia].

Fibromyalgia, also called (primary) fibromyalgia syndrome or fibrositis (syndrome), is a chronic soft tissue pain syndrome characterized by the presence of widespread musculosceletal aching, tender points at characteristic sites, fatigue, and poor sleep. The etiology of this common and painful condition is incompletely understood, non-restorative sleep, which has been correlated with an electroencephalic abnormality called alpha-delta sleep (intrusion of alpha rhythms in the non-REM sleep EEG), may be important. Several observations suggest that serotonin is likely to mediate both pain and non-REM sleep, and serotonin deficiency in the brain has been suggested to be of pathogenetic significance in fibromyalgia syndrome.

Recognizing and treating depression.

The increasing number of antidepressant agents available presents the problem of selecting the right one for a given patient. The choice is guided by the benefits and risks of these drugs within the context of the recommended treatment strategy.

A cognitive-educational treatment for hypochondriasis.

Hypochondriasis may be conceptualized as a disorder of perception and cognition, in which somatic sensation is experienced as abnormally intense and is then incorrectly attributed to serious medical disease. We describe a therapy to modulate the hypochondriacal patient's somatic sensations, and to alter his or her cognitive appraisal of them, which focuses on four factors that amplify somatic symptoms: (1) attention and expectation; (2) symptom attribution and appraisal; (3) the context used for interpreting the symptoms; and (4) disturbing affect and dependency needs. This therapy, or selected portions of it, can be employed in clinical work with patients individually and in groups, in consultation work, and in more traditional psychotherapeutic settings.

Depression and diabetic neuropathy: a complex relationship.

In a group of 64 non-insulin-dependent diabetic females, a significant positive correlation between Zung self-rated depression scores and objective measurements of diabetic peripheral neuropathy was limited to those women with Zung scores greater than 50 (depressed group, n = 12). In the overall group, there was no significant linear or quadratic relationship between peripheral neuropathy and depression scores. The associations between depression, peripheral neuropathy, and diabetes are discussed.