Carbohydrate digestion in the stomach of horses grazed on pasture, fed hay or hay and oats.

Concentrations of starch, mono- and disaccharides, fructans, hemicellulose and cellulose were analysed in feed and gastric digesta of horses in relation to acid insoluble ash as a marker indigestible in the stomach. Twenty-four horses were allocated to pasture 24 h/d (PST; n = 4), hay ad libitum (HAY; n = 8), hay ad lib. and oats at 1 g starch/kg body weight (BWT)/meal (OS1; n = 6) and hay ad lib.

Demonstration of the efficacy of a Enteritidis live vaccine for chickens according to the current European Pharmacopoeia Monograph.

Since 2013 the efficacy of new live Enteritidis (SE) vaccines for chickens needs to be demonstrated according to European Pharmacopoeia Monograph 04/2013:2520 to receive approval in the EU. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a vaccine licensed since 1999 could also fulfil the required tests of the current guideline. For this, -free chickens (n = 50) were vaccinated on their 2, 46 and 84 day of life with the live attenuated  Enteritidis strain IDT No.

Duration of immunity induced in chickens by an attenuated live Salmonella enteritidis vaccine and an inactivated Salmonella enteritidis/typhimurium vaccine.

The aim of this study was to examine the duration of immunity of different vaccination schemes using the S. enteritidis live vaccine Gallivac Se and the S. enteritidis-S.