Diversification in gravel beaches: A radiation of interstitial clingfish (Gouania, Gobiesocidae) in the Mediterranean Sea.

We report a hitherto unknown radiation within the clingfishes (Gobiesocidae), discovered in one of the best-studied marine biomes, the Mediterranean Sea. The monotypic genus Gouania is a Mediterranean endemic inhabiting the interstices of gravel beaches. Using geometric morphometric analyses, we identified two distinct morphotypes (characterized by a slender and a stout body shape, respectively) among Gouania willdenowi sampled from the three major Mediterranean basins (Eastern, Western and Adriatic).

Medullary thyroid carcinoma: autologous tumor cell lines for dendritic cell vaccination.

Background: Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a calcitonin-producing tumor of the parafollicular C-cells, accounting for 5-10% of all thyroid tumors. To date, the only effective treatment is the early and total surgical removal of all neoplastic tissue. As the prognosis of patients with advanced MTC, unresectable or distant metastases is poor, and chemotherapy or irradiation is of no significant value, alternative strategies have been sought.

Choline acetyltransferase, glutamic acid decarboxylase and somatostatin in the kainic acid model for chronic temporal lobe epilepsy.

The aim of the study was to investigate neurochemical changes in a kainic acid (KA; 10 mg/kg, s.c.)-induced spontaneous recurrent seizure model of epilepsy, 6 months after the initial KA-induced seizures.

Galanin in the brain: chemoarchitectonics and brain cartography--a historical review.

We present a review of galanin in the brain from a historical perspective of the development of "chemoarchitectonics" and "brain cartography" accomplished in the Histopharmacology Section at the National Institutes of Health. It was the mapping of potential brain neuroregulators that served as a springboard of ideas from which behavioral studies emanate. The integration of the known localization of neurotransmitter/neuromodulatory nerves ("chemoarchitectonic maps") and receptor binding sites with biochemical data derived from brain micropunches coupled with behavioral analysis at the level of discrete brain allows one to define the anatomical circuits which support behavioral changes and which ultimately will improve our understanding of mental disorders.

In vitro models of brain ischemia: the peptidergic drug cerebrolysin protects cultured chick cortical neurons from cell death.

Glutamate (1 mM), iodoacetate (0.01 mM) and ionomycin (0.25 micro M) are reported to induce several characteristics of ischemia and neuronal degeneration in vitro, e.

Physiological leukocytosis during pregnancy is associated with changes in glucose transporter expression of maternal peripheral blood granulocytes and monocytes.

Problem: The scarce data on glucose transporter expression of leukocytes are contradictory and nothing is known about changes accompanying physiological leukocytosis during pregnancy, which imposes acute metabolic demands on the cells.

Method Of Study: Cytospin preparations of intravascular leukocytes were searched immunocytochemically for the high affinity glucose transporters GLUT1, 3 and 4. Pregnancy-associated quantitative changes in transporter expression were assessed by flow cytometry.