Computed tomography-based training model for otoplasty.

Otoplasty for the correction of protruding ears is characterized by various techniques and a common and popular cosmetic procedure. For the surgeon, whether beginner or advanced, it is essential to understand the principles and master techniques for standard auricular deformities before applying further sophisticated methods, because a lot of complications and failures are caused by wrong indication and incorrect surgical techniques. The different surgical steps are best learned from teaching models.

The intranasal Schirmer test: a preliminary study to quantify nasal secretion.

Adequate secretion of the nasal mucosa is essential for normal nasal physiology. A "dry" nose is a frequent complaint of ENT patients. Measurement of secretion is currently impossible because of the absence of a recognized test.

Numerical simulation of airflow patterns in nose models with differently localized septal perforations.

Objectives/hypothesis: The most typical complaints of patients with nasal septal perforation (SP) are nasal obstruction, crusting, and recurrent epistaxis depending on the size and site of the SP mainly due to disturbed airflow patterns. The objective of the study was to determine the influence of differently localized SPs on intranasal airflow patterns during inspiration by means of numerical simulation.

Study Design: An experimental setup using three dimensional computer models of a human nose was created.

The auricle's cavum conchae composite graft in nasal reconstruction.

Background: Autologous transplants consisting of skin and cartilage, so-called composite grafts (CGs), are useful in nasal reconstruction of multilayered defects. A CG from the auricle's cavum conchae serves both functional and esthetic demands. This article outlines the indications and the requirements of the CG, making special considerations to improve wound healing, and discusses our results in consideration with recent publications.

Detection of paranasal ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma by Ga-68-DOTANOC positron-emission tomography-computed tomography.

Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting tumors account for approximately 10% of Cushing's syndrome (CS). We present an extremely rare case of a patient with CS caused by an ectopic ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma (EAPA) of the ethmoid sinus. The tumor was identified by positron-emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) using the somatostatin receptor analogue Ga-68-DOTANOC.

Telomere shortening impairs regeneration of the olfactory epithelium in response to injury but not under homeostatic conditions.

Atrophy of the olfactory epithelium (OE) associated with impaired olfaction and dry nose represents one of the most common phenotypes of human aging. Impairment in regeneration of a functional olfactory epithelium can also occur in response to injury due to infection or nasal surgery. These complications occur more frequently in aged patients.

The impact of nasal surgery on air-conditioning of the nasal airways.

Air-conditioning in the nasal passageways is one of the most important functions of the upper airways. By means of in-vivo-measurements and numerical simulation, the air-conditioning function of the nose has been extensively investigated. Less well known is the effect of nasal surgery on the nasal climate.

Auricular keloids: treatment and results.

The aim of this study was to present long-term results in patients with auricular keloids after surgical excision and/or medical therapy by corticoid injection. A retrospective study at an academic tertiary referral centre is presented. Seventeen patients after excision, injection of corticoid, full skin grafting (single therapy or combination of interventions) for auricular keloids were followed up.

Ear, nose, and throat effects of high altitude.

High altitude changes human physiology and can result in illnesses such as acute mountain sickness, high-altitude cerebral edema, and high-altitude pulmonary edema. The physiological impacts of high-altitude illnesses occur secondary to extravasation of fluid from the intravascular space into the extravascular space during a rapid ascent. Headache, hearing disturbances, vestibular disturbances, epistaxis, sleep apnea, coughing, respiratory tract infections, and nasal obstruction are main ear, nose, and throat complaints of individuals travelling to high altitude.

Effects of nasal mask leak and heated humidification on nasal mucosa in the therapy with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP).

The purpose of this study was to determine the objective short-term influence of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) therapy, nasal mask leak (NML) and heated humidifiers (HH) to nasal conditioning of spontaneously breathing subjects. This was a prospective, non-randomized, non-blinded day-time study. Eighteen healthy subjects were enrolled in the study.

Nasal conditioning after endonasal surgery in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Background: Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is a frequently performed operation for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The aim of this study was to investigate nasal conditioning after ESS with/without septoplasty and turbinoplasty in patients with CRS with nasal polyps and to determine its relation to nasal patency and geometry.

Methods: Twenty-one patients were enrolled into this study.

Influence of nasal sponges on patients' complaints after nasal and sinus surgery.

Background: The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of nasal sponges on the subjective nasal well-being after nasal and sinus surgery.

Methods: The study was designed as a randomized prospective clinical trial comparing four different types of sponges used as nasal passive humidifiers (NPHs). The 40 participants were blinded to the size and pore structure of the NPHs.

Diagnostic accuracy of peak nasal inspiratory flow and rhinomanometry in functional rhinosurgery.

Objectives: Sensitivity and specificity of active anterior rhinomanometry (RMM) and peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) in the diagnosis of functionally relevant structural nasal deformities should be assessed. The reference standard was clinical judgment based on all clinical data available.

Study Design: Prospective study of diagnostic accuracy at a tertiary rhinologic referral center.

The impact of septorhinoplasty and anterior turbinoplasty on nasal conditioning.

Background: Septorhinoplasty and turbinoplasty is a frequently performed operation in facial plastic surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate nasal conditioning after septorhinoplasty and inferior turbinoplasty in patients with internal and external nasal deformities and hypertrophy of the inferior turbinates and to determine its relation to nasal patency.

Methods: Ten patients and 10 volunteers as controls were enrolled into this study.

Risks and complications in rhinoplasty.

Rhinoplasty is regarded to be associated with many risks as the expectations of patient and physician are not always corresponding. Besides of postoperative deformities many other risks and complications have to be considered. Reduction-rhinoplasty e.

Complications in septoplasty.

The most frequent complications of septoplasty are deformities, infections, and perforations. The effects of each of these complications, however, can be very different. Dislocations and deformities of the septum may result not only in an impaired airway but also in visible deformities of the entire nasal base and dorsum.

Influence of passive humidification on nasal conditioning.

Background: Passive humidifiers (PH) have been beneficial to upper and lower airway humidity, especially in patients who are in a long-time ventilated intensive care unit. The goal of this pilot study was to provide nasal conditioning data and measure the benefit of a nasal PH to spontaneously breathing, conscious subjects.

Methods: Eleven healthy volunteers had to wear a PH for 1 hour, which was introduced into both nasal vestibules.

Radiofrequency-induced thermotherapy on nasal polyps: preliminary results.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of radiofrequency-induced thermotherapy (RFITT) in patients with nasal polyps.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed of prospectively collected data from 17 consecutive patients (11 men and 6 women; mean age, 51.7 +/- 16.

Nasal air conditioning in patients before and after septoplasty with bilateral turbinoplasty.

Objective: Septoplasty is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures by ear, nose, and throat surgeons. Yet the objective control of success concerning septal surgery still is very difficult and causes controversy. Data concerning one of the main functions of the nose, namely the heating and humidification of inspired air, before and after nasal surgery, are still missing.

Nasal air temperature and airflow during respiration in numerical simulation based on multislice computed tomography scan.

Background: Adequate nasal air-conditioning is of greatest importance. Because detailed processes of nasal air-conditioning still are not completely understood, numerical simulations of intranasal temperature distribution and airflow patterns during inspiration and expiration were performed.

Methods: A three-dimensional model of the human nose based on computed tomography scans was reconstructed.

Prospective clinical study on cochlear function after erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser stapedotomy.

Objective: To assess whether the application of the emitting erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser in stapedotomy has negative effects on vestibular and cochlear functions.

Design: Prospective, with 12 to 14 months follow-up.

Setting: Academic tertiary referral center.

Numerical simulation of intranasal airflow after radical sinus surgery.

Purpose: Radical sinus surgery disturbs intranasal humidification and heating of inspired air, resulting in reduced air conditioning mainly caused by a disturbed airflow. Therefore, the aim of this study was to simulate the intranasal airflow after radical sinus surgery during inspiration by means of numerical simulation.

Material And Methods: A bilateral model of the human nose with maxillectomy, ethmoidectomy, and resection of the lateral nasal wall and the turbinates on one side based on a multislice computed tomographic scan was reconstructed.

Numerical simulation of intranasal air flow and temperature after resection of the turbinates.

Background: Radical surgical resection of the turbinates leads to a reduced intranasal air conditioning. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of turbinate resection on intranasal heating and airflow patterns using a numerical simulation.

Methods: A bilateral model of the human nose with resection of the turbinates on one side based on a CT-scan was reconstructed.