Untangling the corruption maze: exploring the complexity of corruption in the health sector.

Background: Healthcare corruption poses a significant threat to individuals, institutions, sectors, and states. Combating corruption is paramount for protecting patients, maintaining the healthcare system's integrity, and preserving public trust. As corruption evolves, takes new forms, and adapts to changing socio-political landscapes, understanding its manifestations is critical to developing effective anti-corruption strategies at individual and institutional levels.

Possibilities for ranking business schools and considerations concerning the stability of such rankings.

In this article, we discuss possibilities for ranking business schools and analyse the stability of research rankings using different ranking methods. One focus is set on a comparison of publication-based rankings with citation-based rankings. Our considerations and discussions are based on a (small) case study for which we have examined all (six) business schools at public universities in Austria.

Distribution of Health Care Resources in Austria - Inequality Assessment of Different Health Care Resources at Different Points in Time.

A major objective of health policy in many countries is to avoid inequality in the distribution of health care resources. Our goal is to provide initial insight into the inequality in the regional distribution of different health care resources per capita and the variation of the inequality over time in Austria to provide starting points for policy recommendations and international comparisons. We also aim to examine whether the type of inequality measure and need-adjustment has an impact on the results.

Individual and Institutional Corruption in European and US Healthcare: Overview and Link of Various Corruption Typologies.

In recent years, the fight against healthcare corruption has intensified. Estimates from the European Healthcare Fraud and Corruption Network calculate an approximate €56 billion annual loss to Europe as a result of corruption. To promote understanding of the complexity and interconnection of corrupt activities, we aim to present healthcare-related corruption typologies of the European Union and European Healthcare Fraud and Corruption Network.

The Austrian Tobacco Act in practice--analysing the effectiveness of partial smoking bans in Austrian restaurants and bars.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of partial smoking bans in restaurants and bars, such as those currently in place in Austria, by evaluating adherence to the relevant regulations and assessing the satisfaction levels of those affected by these regulations. To evaluate adherence, 127 randomly selected restaurants and bars were observed using a form of structured observation. In order to evaluate their level of satisfaction with the regulations, 342 randomly selected customers and 29 restaurant owners were interviewed using standardized questionnaires.

Co-payments in the Austrian social health insurance system. Analysing patient behaviour and patients' views on the effects of co-payments.

Austrian health politicians constantly claim that patients have to be the focus of interest when providing health care services. However, due to increasing demand, scarce resources and insufficient guidance for health care provision at the national level, Austrian patients have been confronted with a variety of health care reforms during recent years. These reforms include the introduction of additional, mainly lump sum co-payments and the increase of existing (lump sum) co-payments.