[Intelligence Assessment in Refugees: Consequences of an IQ Test for an Adolescent from Egypt].

Intelligence Assessment in Refugees: Consequences of an IQ Test for an Adolescent from Egypt Assessing the general intelligence of refugees poses a great challenge. Common intelligence tests developed according to Western concepts are not culture-fair, even when presented nonverbally. Thus, refugees often perform below average on such tests, which does not correspond to the clinical impression.

Post-migration stress, quality of life, and mental health among accompanied and unaccompanied young refugees in Germany: How do adolescents feel after fleeing?

This study examines the impact of post-migration living difficulties (PMLDs) and quality of life (QoL) on the mental health of 55 young refugees who arrived in Germany either accompanied or unaccompanied. The results reveal that nearly 62% of the participants exhibited clinically significant symptoms of depression or post-traumatic stress disorder. Regression analyses indicate that psychopathology was associated with being unaccompanied and experiencing lower QoL, while QoL was associated with higher economic status and lower PMLDs.

[Effectiveness of stabilization training for adolescent refugees with trauma-induced disorders: A randomized controlled trial].

Effectiveness of stabilization training for adolescent refugees with trauma-induced disorders: A randomized controlled trial Unaccompanied minor refugees (UMR) are a group particularly vulnerable to mental illness. They pose a great challenge not only for child and youth psychiatric and psychotherapeutic care, but also for youth-welfare institutions. The study examines the effectiveness of in inpatient youth-welfare facilities.

Distorted Time Perspective in Adolescent Afghan and Syrian Refugees Is Associated With Psychological Distress.

Young refugees are a high-risk group for mental disorders, particularly for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Individuals with PTSD suffer from an altered time perspective with a focus on negative experiences in the past and a disregard for positive life events and the future. This study investigates time perspectives and psychological distress in 30 adolescent refugees from Syria and Afghanistan in Germany.

The faster internal clock in ADHD is related to lower processing speed: WISC-IV profile analyses and time estimation tasks facilitate the distinction between real ADHD and pseudo-ADHD.

Alterations in temporal processing may represent a primary cause of key symptoms in ADHD. This study is aimed at investigating the nature of time-processing alterations in ADHD and assessing the possible utility of testing time estimation for clinical diagnostics. Retrospective verbal time estimation in the range of several minutes was examined in 50 boys with ADHD and 53 boys with other mental disorders.

[The proportion of unaccompanied refugee minors suffering from psychiatric disorders in Germany].

Objective: This article is the first investigation into the proportion of unaccompanied refugee minors suffering from psychiatric disorders in Germany. Method: In a retrospective study done between 2013 and 2015, any refugees showing symptoms of a psychiatric disorder during their stay in a residential refugee center were referred to an Outpatient Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry for diagnostic assessment. To this end, special consultation hours were arranged.

The potassium channel modulator flupirtine shifts the frequency-response function of hippocampal synapses to favour LTD in mice.

Flupirtine is a centrally acting nonopioid analgesic with muscle-relaxant properties. Flupirtine has been found to activate inwardly rectifying potassium conductances and hence to indirectly inhibit the activation of NMDA receptors. NMDA receptor activation is crucial for the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic transmission, which is considered as cellular correlate of learning and memory and of central sensitization in chronic pain states.

Isoflurane modulates glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission in the amygdala.

Attempts have been made to attribute the particular features of general anaesthesia such as hypnosis, analgesia, amnesia and autonomic stability to certain brain regions. In the present study, we examined the effects of the commonplace volatile anaesthetic isoflurane on synaptic transmission in an in vitro slice preparation of the murine amygdala. Despite the established role of this limbic structure in the formation of aversive memories, conditioned fear and anxiety, as well as pain processing and regulation of sympathetic tone, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on synaptic signalling has not yet been investigated in this region of the brain.

Isoflurane reduces glutamatergic transmission in neurons in the spinal cord superficial dorsal horn: evidence for a presynaptic site of an analgesic action.

Unlabelled: The minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of a volatile anesthetic defines anesthetic potency in terms of a suppressed motor response to a noxious stimulus. Therefore, the MAC of an anesthetic might in part reflect depression of motor neuron excitability. In the present study we evaluated the effect of isoflurane (ISO) on neurons in the substantia gelatinosa driven synaptically by putative nociceptive inputs in an in vitro spinal cord preparation of the rat.

Cloned human and murine serotonin(3A) receptors expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells display different single-channel kinetics.

In the present study, well-resolved single-channel events of cloned human and murine homomeric 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 (h5-HT(3A) and m5-HT(3A)) receptors, expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells, are reported for the first time. 5-HT (1 microM) applied in Ca(2+)- and Mg(2+)-free external solution to excised outside-out membrane patches induced non-rectifying single-channel inward currents. These currents were not observed in untransfected cells or in the presence of the antagonist ondansetron (1 microM).

GABA(A) receptor activation and open-channel block by volatile anaesthetics: a new principle of receptor modulation?

The rapid application of solutions containing the volatile anaesthetics isoflurane or sevoflurane induced inward currents in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells carrying rat recombinant alpha(1)beta(2)gamma(2L) GABA(A) receptor assemblies. The responses evoked by the anaesthetics applied via a fast delivery system were recorded using the patch-clamp technique in the whole-cell mode. The anaesthetics induced a fast inward current which was followed by a prominent tail current upon the rapid withdrawal of the agent.

Intracellular signal transduction during gastrin-induced histamine secretion in rat gastric ECL cells.

Activation of G(q) protein-coupled receptors usually causes a biphasic increase in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) that is crucial for secretion in nonexcitable cells. In gastric enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells, stimulation with gastrin leads to a prompt biphasic calcium response followed by histamine secretion. This study investigates the underlying signaling events in this neuroendocrine cell type.