All-Trans Retinoic Acid Enhances both the Signaling for Priming and the Glycolysis for Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Human Macrophage.

All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a derivative of vitamin A that has many important biological functions, including the modulation of immune responses. ATRA actions are mediated through the retinoic acid receptor that functions as a nuclear receptor, either regulating gene transcription in the nucleus or modulating signal transduction in the cytoplasm. NLRP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that is activated by a huge variety of stimuli, including pathogen- or danger-related molecules.

The NLRP3 inflammasome - interleukin 1 pathway as a therapeutic target in gout.

The NLRP3 inflammasome is implicated in the processing of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1β. Inflammatory disorders associated with the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome - IL-1 axis are termed autoinflammatory diseases. Gout is an autoinflammatory disease, which is triggered by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals of precipitated uric acid.