Extrachromosomal DNA Amplification Contributes to Small Cell Lung Cancer Heterogeneity and Is Associated with Worse Outcomes.

Unlabelled: Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine lung cancer. Oncogenic MYC amplifications drive SCLC heterogeneity, but the genetic mechanisms of MYC amplification and phenotypic plasticity, characterized by neuroendocrine and nonneuroendocrine cell states, are not known. Here, we integrate whole-genome sequencing, long-range optical mapping, single-cell DNA sequencing, and fluorescence in situ hybridization to find extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) as a primary source of SCLC oncogene amplifications and driver fusions.

Resource availability modulates the effect of body size on reproductive development.

Within-species variation in animal body size predicts major differences in life history, for example, in reproductive development, fecundity, and even longevity. Purely from an energetic perspective, large size could entail larger energy reserves, fuelling different life functions, such as reproduction and survival (the "energy reserve" hypothesis). Conversely, larger body size could demand more energy for maintenance, and larger individuals might do worse in reproduction and survival under resource shortage (the "energy demand" hypothesis).

[Pachychoroid diseases].

The aim of this study is to present our knowledge about pachychoroid diseases using case reports, literature review and our own clinical experiences. A summary flow chart of treatment options for the subgroups was prepared, too. Pachychoroid diseases include the following: central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR), pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy (PPE), pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV), polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome (PPS), focal choroidal excavation (FCE).

[First experiences with Navilas® 577s micropulse laser in the treatment of diabetic maculopathy].

Unlabelled: Összefoglaló. Bevezetés és célkitűzés: A Navilas® 577s mikropulzuslézerrel végzett kezelés biztonságosságának és hatásosságának vizsgálata diabeteses maculaoedemában. Módszer: Retrospektív vizsgálatunkba diabeteses maculaoedema miatt gondozott és legalább 6 hónapos utánkövetéssel rendelkező, korábban Navilas® 577s mikropulzuslézer-kezelésen átesett 28 beteg 46 szemét válogattuk be.

Predictive factors of selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist treatment in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy.

To compare the macular morphology of good and poor responders to eplerenone treatment in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) patients. Thirty eyes of 29 patients with chronic CSCR were treated with 50 mg/day oral eplerenone and followed up for 1 year. The integrity of outer retinal layers at baseline was assessed using optical coherence tomography.

[Placoid chorioretinopathy in systemic infections].

Introduction And Aim: To present two cases of placoid chorioretinopathy (ocular syphilis and ocular tuberculosis) and underline the importance of differential diagnosis.

Method: Two young female patients presented with unilateral loss of vision. Fundus examination showed yellowish placoid lesions in the posterior pole in both cases.

A Robust Damage-Reporting Strategy for Polymeric Materials Enabled by Aggregation-Induced Emission.

Microscopic damage inevitably leads to failure in polymers and composite materials, but it is difficult to detect without the aid of specialized equipment. The ability to enhance the detection of small-scale damage prior to catastrophic material failure is important for improving the safety and reliability of critical engineering components, while simultaneously reducing life cycle costs associated with regular maintenance and inspection. Here, we demonstrate a simple, robust, and sensitive fluorescence-based approach for autonomous detection of damage in polymeric materials and composites enabled by aggregation-induced emission (AIE).

MINERALOCORTICOID RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST TREATMENT IN BILATERAL CHRONIC CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EXUDATIVE AND NONEXUDATIVE FELLOW EYES.

Purpose: To evaluate the macular thickness, choroidal thickness, and visual acuity changes in eyes of patients with bilateral chronic central serous chorioretinopathy during eplerenone treatment.

Methods: This prospective clinical trial was conducted on patients with bilateral chronic central serous chorioretinopathy, who had subretinal fluid (SRF) in 1 eye. Twenty-eight patients were treated with 50 mg/day of oral eplerenone for 3 months and were observed for another 3 months.

Accuracy of machine learning classifiers using bilateral data from a Scheimpflug camera for identifying eyes with preclinical signs of keratoconus.

Purpose: To describe the topographic and tomographic characteristics of normal fellow eyes of unilateral keratoconus cases and to evaluate the accuracy of machine learning classifiers in discriminating healthy corneas from the normal fellow corneas.

Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.

Design: Retrospective case-control study.

Towards the optimization of the preparation procedures of PMMA bone cement.

The mechanical properties and thermal history of polymethyl-methacrylate bone cement vary significantly with the preparation procedure used. Because the polymerization reaction is exothermic, many researchers have attempted to minimize thermal osteonecrosis due to heat generation by altering procedures in the preparation of the cement. In most previous studies, only one or two aspects of the preparation procedure were controlled, and there has been little research that comprehensively examines the effects of preparation on the cure kinetics and resulting properties of bone cement.

Restoration of large damage volumes in polymers.

The regenerative power of tissues and organs in biology has no analog in synthetic materials. Although self-healing of microscopic defects has been demonstrated, the regrowth of material lost through catastrophic damage requires a regenerative-like approach. We demonstrate a vascular synthetic system that restores mechanical performance in response to large-scale damage.

Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery in management of phacomorphic glaucoma.

Purpose: To report the use of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery in management of phacomorphic glaucoma.

Methods: An 89-year-old patient developed acute phacomorphic glaucoma in her right eye with elevated intraocular pressure (62 mm Hg), shallow anterior chamber, and mature cataract. After conservative antiglaucoma therapy and Nd:YAG iridotomy, femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery was performed.

Gender differences in acute pesticide-related illnesses and injuries among farmworkers in the United States, 1998-2007.

Background: Farmworkers have a high risk for acute pesticide-related illness and injury, and the rate among female farmworkers is approximately twice as high as that among males. Surveillance data were used to identify reasons for this gender difference.

Methods: We identified acute pesticide-related illness and injury cases among farmworkers from the Sentinel Event Notification System for Occupational Risks (SENSOR)-Pesticides Program and the California Department of Pesticide Regulation.

Intraocular femtosecond laser use in traumatic cataracts following penetrating and blunt trauma.

Purpose: To investigate the use of femtosecond laser cataract surgery in traumatic cataracts of different origin.

Methods: The first case developed acute traumatic cataract due to penetrating injury of the cornea and the anterior lens capsule; the second developed traumatic cataract 11 years after a penetrating corneal injury; and the third developed a "white" cataract 12 months after blunt ocular trauma. In all cases, 4.

Acute pesticide illnesses associated with off-target pesticide drift from agricultural applications: 11 States, 1998-2006.

Background: Pesticides are widely used in agriculture, and off-target pesticide drift exposes workers and the public to harmful chemicals.

Objective: We estimated the incidence of acute illnesses from pesticide drift from outdoor agricultural applications and characterized drift exposure and illnesses.

Methods: Data were obtained from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's Sentinel Event Notification System for Occupational Risks-Pesticides program and the California Department of Pesticide Regulation.

Three dimensional/four dimensional ultrasound-guided embryo transfer using the maximal implantation potential point.

Objective: To evaluate the use of maximal implantation potential (MIP) point in conjunction with a 3D/4D ultrasound in order to facilitate embryo transfers and potentially improve pregnancy rate.

Design: Retrospective, observational study.

Setting: IVF Center.

Adult blood lead epidemiology and surveillance--United States, 1998-2001.

Problem/condition: Elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) in adults can damage the cardiovascular, central nervous, reproductive, hematologic, and renal systems. The majority of cases are workplace-related. U.

An evaluation of the effectiveness of lead paint hazard reduction when conducted by homeowners and landlords.

This research project was conducted in collaboration with the Iowa Department of Public Health to evaluate whether property owners who follow recommended procedures for lead-based paint removal/repair can do the work safely and effectively. This study included 29 homes where a lead-based paint hazard had been identified and lead-based paint was removed or repaired (hazard reduction). Exposure evaluation included pre-project surface dust wipe sampling, air monitoring during lead-based paint removal, post-project surface dust wipe sampling, and pre- and post-project blood samples from adult study participants.

Comparison of antepartum testing schemes for the management of the postdate pregnancy.

We analyzed the outcome results of 583 postdate pregnancies managed prospectively by one of three antepartum testing schemes, each predicated on the nonstress test. In scheme 1, we relied upon the contraction stress test for evaluation of the nonreactive nonstress test. In scheme 2, we used a modified biophysical profile to evaluate the nonreactive nonstress test.

The role of real-time scanning in antenatal fetal surveillance.

The additional value of real-time ultrasound scanning (RTBS) in antepartum assessment of fetal well-being was studied in 158 high-risk patients after a nonstress test (NST). Fetal breathing movements (FBM), fetal movements (FM), tonus (TON), and normal amniotic fluid volume (AFV) when present on RTBS were reliable signs of fetal well-being. These ultrasound markers of fetal well-being appeared to be as reliable indicators of good outcome as the reactive NST.

Oral contraceptives and focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver. Two case reports with electron-microscopic studies.

The authors report on the cases of 2 young females who had been on oral contraceptives for 2 and 6 years, respectively. During cholecystectomy, as a subsidiary finding, liver tumour was found which, histologically, proved to be focal nodular hyperplasia. On the basis of their electron-microscopic studies, they consider possible the primary role of pathological vascularization in the development of the tumour.

[Primary carcinoma of the liver and long-term administration of oral contraceptives followed by pregnancy (author's transl)].

A 32-year-old woman who had taken oral contraceptives for seven years, became pregnant after omitting the drug and had a normal child. Soon after a malignant hepatic tumour became apparent of which she died after three months. The tumour was a hepatocellular carcinoma, of low differentiation under the electron microscope.