High vaccine confidence and strong approval of the mandatory immunization schedule among Bulgarian general practitioners in 2022.

In a context of recently decreasing childhood immunization coverage and low uptake of COVID-19 vaccines in Bulgaria, this study measures vaccine hesitancy among general practitioners (GPs) in the country, as they are central to forming patients' attitudes. In 2022, a face-to-face survey was conducted through a simple random sample from an exhaustive national database of Bulgarian GPs. This study measured attitudes on vaccine importance, safety, and effectiveness, and attitudes toward the Bulgarian immunization schedule.

Bulgarian General Practitioners' Communication Styles about Child Vaccinations, Mainly Focused on Parental Decision Making in the Context of a Mandatory Immunization Schedule.

The communication practices of general practitioners in relation with vaccines have not been a topic of wide scientific interest. In this article, we outline them in the context of Bulgaria. A representative, cross-sectional, quantitative, face-to-face survey was conducted among 358 Bulgarian general practitioners in 2022 using simple random sampling.

Recurring Anastomotic Leak-A Prospective Clinicopathological Investigation of a Distinct Disease Pattern.

Background: Intestinal anastomotic insufficiency (AI) is a common problem in visceral surgery associated with overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In some patients it occurs more than once. The etiology of recurring anastomotic insufficiency (RAI) is not understood yet and should be addressed as an independent disease entity.

Duodenal Exclusion but Not Sleeve Gastrectomy Preserves Insulin Secretion, Making It the More Effective Metabolic Procedure.

Introduction: There is an ongoing debate on which procedure provides the best treatment for type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, the pathomechanisms of diabetes improvement of partly anatomically differing operations is not fully understood.

Methods: A loop duodenojejunostomy (DJOS) with exclusion of one third of intestinal length, a sleeve gastrectomy (SG), or a combination of DJOS + SG was performed in 8-week-old male ZDF rats.