The Management of Post-appendectomy Abscess in Children; A Historical Cohort Study and Update of the Literature.

Introduction: Recent studies have shown that specific cases of post-appendectomy abscess (PAA) in children could be treated conservatively. However, due to the lack of high-quality evidence, choice of treatment still depends on preferences of the treating surgeon, leading to heterogeneity in clinical practice. Therefore, we aimed to provide an update of recent literature on the management of PAA in children and subsequently evaluate the outcomes of a large multicenter cohort of children treated for PAA.

AKT Hyperphosphorylation and T Cell Exhaustion in Down Syndrome.

Down syndrome (DS) is associated with increased susceptibility to infections, auto-immunity, immunodeficiency and haematological malignancies. The exact underlying immunological pathophysiology is still unclear. The immunophenotype and clinical characteristics of DS resemble those of Activated PI3K Delta Syndrome (APDS), in which the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is overactivated.

Interventions with Music in PECTus excavatum treatment (IMPECT trial): a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial investigating the clinical effects of perioperative music interventions.

Introduction: Pectus excavatum repair is associated with substantial postoperative pain, despite the use of epidural analgesia and other analgesic regimens. Perioperative recorded music interventions have been shown to alleviate pain and anxiety in adults, but evidence for children and adolescents is still lacking. This study protocol describes a randomised controlled trial that evaluates the effects of recorded music interventions on postoperative pain relief in children and adolescents after pectus excavatum repair.

The Outcome of the Single Step Questionnaire in Pectus Excavatum Patients is Phase Dependent.

Introduction:  Pectus excavatum (PE) is the most common chest wall deformity. Patients with PE may have cosmetic complaints, restricted physical capabilities, or both and may seek surgical correction. One method to assess satisfaction after surgery is the single step questionnaire (SSQ).

Sports activity in adolescents in the Netherlands with a pectus excavatum; the impact of surgery.

Purpose: Pectus excavatum (PE) is the most common chest wall deformity in adolescents. The main complaint is cosmetic, but many patients also complain about exertional dyspnea. This may lead to the patient seeking surgery of the thoracic wall deformity (TWD).

Early cost-utility estimation of the surgical correction of pectus excavatum with the Nuss bar.

Objectives: The surgical correction of pectus excavatum (PE) with a Nuss bar provides satisfactory outcomes, but its cost-effectiveness is yet unproven. We prospectively analysed early outcomes and costs for Nuss bar placement.

Methods: Fifty-four patients aged 16 years or older (6 females and 48 males; mean age, 17.

Orchidopexy in late childhood often associated with previously normal testicular position.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine retrospectively, the prevalence of acquired undescended testis (UDT) in boys who underwent late orchidopexies, that is, performed after the age of 2 years.

Methods: We included all patients who were 2 years or older when they underwent orchidopexy (ORP) for UDT at the Juliana Children's Hospital during 1996 to 2009. Previous testis position from birth until the date of ORP was obtained from youth health care records.

Long-term testicular volume after orchiopexy at diagnosis of acquired undescended testis.

Purpose: We studied long-term outcomes of orchiopexy at diagnosis of acquired undescended testes using ultrasound to determine testicular volume.

Materials And Methods: Patients who had undergone orchiopexy for acquired undescended testis at diagnosis were recruited to assess testicular volume. Testis volume was measured by ultrasound and compared with recently developed normative values for testicular size.

Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome: a rare cause of unilateral cryptorchidism.

Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome (PMDS) is a rare syndrome and sometimes the cause of a common problem in paediatric and surgical practice, namely undescended testes. PMDS is a recessive disease in which there is a defect in anti-Mullerian hormone secretion or receptor activity resulting in persistence of Mullerian structures such as a uterus or fallopian tubes with otherwise normal virilisation. Here the authors present a case of a 1½-year-old boy who was referred to their hospital because of unilateral cryptorchidism.

[Intestinal duplication cyst in children: laparoscopically assisted resection is preferred].

A 5-year-old boy was seen for a second opinion as he had episodes of severe abdominal pain and a variably distended abdomen. Ultrasonography showed a suspected duplication cyst of the terminal ileum. A laparoscopically assisted resection was performed.

[Serious gastrointestinal complications due to accidental ingestion of magnetic toy parts].

A 3-year-old boy presented at the emergency room with abdominal pain, nausea and non-bilious vomiting. Physical examination revealed moderate symptoms of dehydration, a tender and slightly extended but soft abdomen and active peristalsis. With the working diagnosis of viral gastroenteritis the boy was admitted to the hospital for rehydration therapy by nasogastric tube.

[A girl with a swelling on her head].

A 6-year-old girl had an eosinophilic granuloma on the parietal skull due to Langerhans cell histiocytosis.