Background: To investigate patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC) for residual awareness, guidelines recommend quantifying glucose brain metabolism using positron emission tomography. However, this is not feasible in the intensive care unit (ICU). Cerebral blood flow (CBF) assessed by arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging (ASL-MRI) could serve as a proxy for brain metabolism and reflect consciousness levels in acute DoC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with the tracer Tc-HMPAO is a method to visualize the cerebral hyperperfusion during an epileptic seizure and thus localize the epileptogenic zone and seizure propagation. Subtraction of interictal from Ictal SPECT Co-registered to MRI (SISCOM) visualizes areas with relative increases in cerebral blood flow. The purpose of this retrospective study is to explore the added value of visualizing areas of hypoperfusion as well as hyperperfusion, so-called reversed SISCOM.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: This retrospective study investigates the predictive value of ictal subtraction single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) co-registered to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (SISCOM) for successful epilepsy surgery.
Methods: 57 patients examined with SISCOM as a part of epilepsy surgery evaluation were divided into two groups based on seizure duration after tracer injection (group 1: Seizure duration above or equal to 30 s, group 2: Seizure duration under 30 s). SISCOM was compared to the surgical site and categorized as good or poor concordance.
BackgroundAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic, relapsing brain disorder that accounts for 5% of deaths annually, and there is an urgent need to develop new targets for therapeutic intervention. The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist exenatide reduces alcohol consumption in rodents and nonhuman primates, but its efficacy in patients with AUD is unknown.MethodsIn a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial, treatment-seeking AUD patients were assigned to receive exenatide (2 mg subcutaneously) or placebo once weekly for 26 weeks, in addition to standard cognitive-behavioral therapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMJ Open
July 2018
Introduction: Alcohol dependence is a major public health problem. It is underdiagnosed and undertreated. Even when treated, more than 2/3 of patients in abstinence-oriented treatment will relapse within the first year.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFI-CLINDE is a radiotracer developed for SPECT and targets the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO). TSPO is upregulated in glial cells and used as a measure of neuroinflammation in a variety of central nervous system diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the test-retest variability of I-CLINDE binding in healthy subjects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: Here we compare translocator protein (TSPO) imaging using 6-chloro-2-(4'-(123)I-iodophenyl)-3-(N,N-diethyl)-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-acetamide SPECT ((123)I-CLINDE) and amino acid transport imaging using O-(2-(18)F-fluoroethyl)-l-tyrosine PET ((18)F-FET) and investigate whether (123)I-CLINDE is superior to (18)F-FET in predicting progression of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) at follow-up.
Methods: Three patients with World Health Organization grade IV GBM were scanned with (123)I-CLINDE SPECT, (18)F-FET PET, and gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging. Molecular imaging data were compared with follow-up gadolinium-enhanced MR images or contrast-enhanced CT scans.
Scand J Clin Lab Invest
January 2015
Saliva samples are easy to collect and are applicable for home-sampling, e.g. when studying HPA-axis dynamics to characterize diurnal cortisol profiles and the cortisol awakening response.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: This study provides the first comprehensive quantification of translocator protein (TSPO) binding using SPECT and 6-chloro-2-(4'-(123)I-iodophenyl)-3-(N,N-diethyl)-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-acetamide ((123)I-CLINDE) in neurologic patients. (123)I-CLINDE is structurally related to well-known PET ligands such as (18)F-PBR111 and (18)F-DPA-714.
Methods: Six patients with cerebral stroke and 4 patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) underwent 150-min dynamic SPECT scans with arterial blood sampling.
Background: Mesolimbic and nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathways play important roles in both the rewarding and conditioning effects of drugs. The dopamine transporter (DAT) is of central importance in regulating dopaminergic neurotransmission and in particular in activating the striatal D2-like receptors. Molecular imaging studies of the relationship between DAT availability/dopamine synthesis capacity and active cigarette smoking have shown conflicting results.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: Patients who have dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) show both clinical and histopathologic overlap with Alzheimer disease patients and Parkinson disease patients. In this study, we correlated the core features of DLB (dementia, parkinsonism, hallucinations, and fluctuations) with striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) availability as assessed with SPECT and (123)I-N-(3-iodoprop-2E-enyl)-2-β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-methylphenyl) nortropane ((123)I-PE2I) in patients with newly diagnosed DLB.
Methods: Two hundred eighty-eight patients were consecutively included in the study as they were referred for diagnostic SPECT scanning of DAT with (123)I-PE2I.
Unlabelled: Clinical (123)I-2-β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)-N-(3-fluoropropyl)nortropane ((123)I-FP-CIT) SPECT studies are commonly performed and reported using visual evaluation of tracer binding, an inherently subjective method. Increased objectivity can potentially be obtained using semiquantitative analysis. In this study, we assessed whether semiquantitative analysis of (123)I-FP-CIT tracer binding created more reproducible clinical reporting.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To examine the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of dopamine transporter SPECT imaging with a highly dopamine transporter selective radioligand. The study included consecutively enrolled, drug-naive patients with an average short history of parkinsonian motor symptoms, referred for diagnostic scanning.
Methods: The study group comprised 288 patients naive to antiparkinson treatment who were enrolled as they were admitted for a diagnostic SPECT scan with the radioligand [(123)I]-N-(3-iodoprop-2E-enyl)-2-β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-methylphenyl)nortropane ((123)I-PE2I).
Unlabelled: In nuclear medicine brain imaging, it is important to delineate regions of interest (ROIs) so that the outcome is both accurate and reproducible. The purpose of this study was to validate a new time-saving algorithm (DATquan) for accurate and reproducible quantification of the striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) with appropriate radioligands and SPECT and without the need for structural brain scanning.
Methods: In a reconstructed DAT SPECT image, DATquan automatically calculated the ratio at steady state of specifically bound radioligand to nondisplaceable radioligand in tissue (BP(ND)) within striatal ROIs that were delineated by use of a semiautomatic template-based alignment approach.
Compelling evidence has shown, that neurotrophins responsible for the regulation of neuronal growth, survival, and differentiation are involved in neurodegenerative diseases. Whereas lower serum levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) have been observed in patients with Parkinson's disease, no studies have directly related the degree of striatal neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons (DA) with serum BDNF levels. In this study we examined the relationship between striatal neurodegeneration as determined with (123)I-PE2I-single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) and serum BDNF levels in patients with parkinsonism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCorrection for downscatter in I-123 SPECT can be performed by the subtraction of a secondary energy window from the main window, as in the triple-energy window method. This is potentially noise sensitive. For studies with limited amount of counts (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: Current SPECT radioligands available for in vivo imaging of the dopamine transporter (DAT) also show affinity for monoamine transporters other than DAT, especially the serotonin transporter (SERT). The effect of this lack of selectivity for in vivo imaging is unknown. In this study, we compared the SPECT radioligands (123)I-2-β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)-N-(3-fluoropropyl)nortropane ((123)I-FP-CIT) and (123)I-N-(3-iodoprop-2E-enyl)-2-β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-methylphenyl) nortropane ((123)I-PE2I), which has a 10-fold higher selectivity than (123)I-FP-CIT for DAT versus SERT [corrected].
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: A particularly sensitive step in the quantification of SPECT images of the dopamine transporter (DAT) is a correct delineation of the region of interest (ROI). In this study, we primarily compared the reproducibility of the following different approaches for ROI delineation in SPECT images of the DAT: the use of manual delineation (MD) on high-count striatal slides directly on the SPECT image, ROI delineation based on individual MR images (MRD), and oversized striatal ROIs-that is, the striatal volume of interest (SVI), as described previously. We also assessed the ability of the different approaches to identify striatal pathology in patients with parkinsonism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Functional brain (99m)Tc-HMPAO single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is a useful diagnostic tool for assessment of regional cerebral blood flow, particularly in dementia, cerebrovascular disease and epilepsy. Currently, the European and American Association of Nuclear Medicine Procedure Guidelines for Brain Perfusion SPET using (99m)Tc-labeled Radiopharmaceuticals recommend a time delay of 90 min between injection of (99m)Tc-HMPAO and data acquisition. This time delay is difficult to comply within the daily routine and present a problem, particularly with the elderly or demented patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging
January 2007
Purpose: The iodinated cocaine derivative [(123)I]PE2I is a new selective ligand for in vivo studies of the dopamine transporter (DAT) with SPECT. Recently, a bolus/infusion (B/I) protocol for [(123)I]PE2I measurements of DAT density was established [Pinborg LH et al. J Nucl Med 2005;46:1119-271].
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