Longitudinal analysis highlights structural changes in grey- and white-matter within military personnel exposed to blast.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether gray matter volume and diffusion-based metrics in associated white matter changed in breachers who had neuroimaging performed at two timepoints. A secondary purpose was to compare these changes in a group who had a one-year interval between their imaging timepoints to a group that had a two-year interval between imaging.

Methods: Between timepoints, clusters with significantly different gray matter volume were used as seeds for reconstruction of associated structural networks using diffusion metrics.

Five-Year Serial Brain MRI Analysis of Military Members Exposed to Chronic Sub-Concussive Overpressures.

Background: The Canadian Special Operations Forces Command conducts explosives operations and training which exposes members to explosive charges at close proximity. This 5-year longitudinal trial was conducted in follow-up to our initial trial which examined military breachers with MRI and EEG pre and post blast exposure.

Purpose: To examine brain MRI findings in military personnel exposed to multiple repeated blast exposures.

Congenital tremor and myopathy secondary to novel MYBPC1 variant.

Congenital myopathy with tremor (MYOTREM) is a recently described disorder characterized by mild myopathy and a postural and intention tremor present since early infancy. MYOTREM is associated with pathogenic variants in MYBPC1 which encodes slow myosin-binding protein C, a sarcomere protein with regulatory and structural roles. Here, we describe a family with three generations of variably affected members exhibiting a novel variant in MYBPC1 (c.

The ups and downs of bone-marrow adipose tissue in space.

Knowledge is rapidly accumulating on basic roles and modulation of bone-marrow adipose tissue (BMAT). Among key modulators are physical forces on bones as exerted by gravity and exercise. Studying humans returning from space has revealed that, in addition to physical forces, local energetics within the bone marrow can play modulatory roles.

Emerging and established biomarkers of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy.

Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a rare, primarily autosomal dominant, late onset muscular dystrophy commonly presenting with ptosis, dysphagia, and subsequent weakness of proximal muscles. Although OPMD diagnosis can be confirmed with high confidence by genetic testing, the slow progression of OPMD poses a significant challenge to clinical monitoring and a barrier to assessing the efficacy of treatments during clinical trials. Accordingly, there is a pressing need for more sensitive measures of OPMD progression, particularly those which do not require a muscle biopsy.

Bone marrow adiposity modulation after long duration spaceflight in astronauts.

Space travel requires metabolic adaptations from multiple systems. While vital to bone and blood production, human bone marrow adipose (BMA) tissue modulation in space is unknown. Here we show significant downregulation of the lumbar vertebrae BMA in 14 astronauts, 41 days after landing from six months' missions on the International Space Station.

Direct mapping of kidney function by DCE-MRI urography using a tetrazinanone organic radical contrast agent.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI) are ongoing global health burdens. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the gold standard measure of kidney function, with clinical estimates providing a global assessment of kidney health without spatial information of kidney- or region-specific dysfunction. The addition of dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) to the anatomical imaging already performed would yield a 'one-stop-shop' for renal assessment in cases of suspected AKI and CKD.

Prevalence of 'Fat-Poor' Adrenal Adenomas at Chemical-Shift MRI.

Objective: : To determine the prevalence of 'fat-poor' adrenal adenomas at chemical-shift-MRI.

Materials And Methods: : This prospective IRB approved study identified 104 consecutive patients with 127 indeterminate adrenal masses that underwent 1.5-T chemical-shift-MRI between 2021-2023.

MRI texture analysis of acetabular cancellous bone can discriminate between normal, cam positive, and cam-FAI hips.

Objectives: To compare the MRI texture profile of acetabular subchondral bone in normal, asymptomatic cam positive, and symptomatic cam-FAI hips and determine the accuracy of a machine learning model for discriminating between the three hip classes.

Methods: A case-control, retrospective study was performed including 68 subjects (19 normal, 26 asymptomatic cam, 23 symptomatic cam-FAI). Acetabular subchondral bone of unilateral hip was contoured on 1.

Novel Homozygous Variant in in Siblings With Hereditary Motor Neuropathy.

Background And Objectives: Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is an important electron carrier and antioxidant. The COQ7 enzyme catalyzes the hydroxylation of 5-demethoxyubiquinone-10 (DMQ), the second-to-last step in the CoQ biosynthesis pathway. We report a consanguineous family presenting with a hereditary motor neuropathy associated with a homozygous c.

Clinical Features, Non-Contrast CT Radiomic and Radiological Signs in Models for the Prediction of Hematoma Expansion in Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Purpose: Rapid identification of hematoma expansion (HE) risk at baseline is a priority in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients and may impact clinical decision making. Predictive scores using clinical features and Non-Contract Computed Tomography (NCCT)-based features exist, however, the extent to which each feature set contributes to identification is limited. This paper aims to investigate the relative value of clinical, radiological, and radiomics features in HE prediction.

Comparison of image quality and depiction of microscopic fat at 2-D and 3-D T1-Weighted (T1W) chemical shift (dual-echo) MRI for evaluation of adrenal adenomas.

Objective: To compare image quality and detection of microscopic fat in adrenal adenomas imaged with 2-D and 3-D chemical shift imaging (CSI) and, to derive parameters which best match 2-D and 3-D-CSI.

Methods: This two-phase, retrospective, and phantom + prospective study was IRB approved. First, a retrospective assessment of 50 consecutive adrenal adenomas imaged at 1.

Motor Band Sign in Motor Neuron Disease: A Marker for Upper Motor Neuron Involvement.

Background And Objective: The prevalence and role of the motor band sign (MBS) remain unclear in motor neuron disease. We report the frequency of MBS in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and primary lateral sclerosis (PLS), its correlation with clinical upper motor neuron (UMN) signs, and prognostic value in ALS.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of ALS, PLS, and controls with retrievable MRI between 2010 and 2018.

Mapping vitamin B metabolism by hydrazoCEST magnetic resonance imaging.

A new CEST-MRI contrast agent, 2-HYNIC, capable of sensing aromatic aldehydes is reported. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, a key Vitamin B metabolite necessary for >140 biotransformations was mapped by CEST-MRI and in lung cancer. 2-HYNIC provided access to this key biomarker associated with a variety of human diseases.

Quantitative analysis of repaired rabbit supraspinatus tendons (± channeling) using magnetic resonance imaging at 7 Tesla.

Background: The quantitative assessment of supraspinatus tendons by conventional magnetic resonance is limited by low contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners operating at 7 Tesla offer high signal-to noise ratio (SNR), low CNR and high spatial resolution that are well-suited for rapidly relaxing tissues like tendons. Few studies have applied T2 and T2* mapping to musculoskeletal imaging and to the rotator cuff tendons.

Utility of Quantitative T2-Mapping Compared to Conventional and Advanced Diffusion Weighted Imaging Techniques for Multiparametric Prostate MRI in Men with Hip Prosthesis.

Background: Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) is fundamental for prostate cancer (PCa) detection with MRI; however, limited by susceptibility artifact from hip prosthesis.

Purpose: To evaluate image quality and ability to detect PCa with quantitative T2-mapping and DWI in men with hip prosthesis undergoing prostate MRI.

Study Type: Prospective, cross-sectional study.

What Is the Correlation Among dGEMRIC, T1p, and T2* Quantitative MRI Cartilage Mapping Techniques in Developmental Hip Dysplasia?

Background: Delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) is a validated technique for evaluating cartilage health in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), which can be a helpful prognosticator for the response to surgical treatments. dGEMRIC requires intravenous injection of gadolinium contrast, however, which adds time, expense, and possible adverse reactions to the imaging procedure. Newer MRI cartilage mapping techniques such as T1 rho (ρ) and T2* have been performed in the hip without the need for any contrast, although it is unknown whether they are equivalent to dGEMRIC.

Bone Marrow Reconversion With Reambulation: A Prospective Clinical Trial.

Methods: In a prospective clinical trial, 20 healthy men participated in a 60-day, 6-degree head-down tilt bed rest study. Serial 3-T magnetic resonance (MR) imaging measures of the lumbar spine were performed at baseline, after 57 days of bed rest, and at 30, 360, and 720 days of reambulation (100 MR imaging scans). Proton density with and without fat saturation, 2-point Dixon, and single-voxel MR spectroscopy techniques were used to assess bone marrow composition (300 measures).

Preoperative Determination of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mutation in Gliomas Using Spectral Editing MRS: A Prospective Study.

Background: The edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) technique has not yet been formally evaluated for the in vivo detection of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) in patients with gliomas of various grades.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of edited MRS in the preoperative identification of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status in patients with gliomas.

Study Type: Prospective.

Periacetabular osteotomy with or without arthroscopic management in patients with hip dysplasia: study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Background: Hip dysplasia is one of the most common causes of hip arthritis. Its incidence is estimated to be between 3.6 and 12.

Quantitative Prostate MRI.

Prostate MRI is reported in clinical practice using the Prostate Imaging and Data Reporting System (PI-RADS). PI-RADS aims to standardize, as much as possible, the acquisition, interpretation, reporting, and ultimately the performance of prostate MRI. PI-RADS relies upon mainly subjective analysis of MR imaging findings, with very few incorporated quantitative features.