[Who is using outpatient psychotherapy in Germany?].

Facing the current political controversies concerning health care, the present study examines the question who is using outpatient psychotherapy in Germany. Using data drawn from a nationally representative survey of 5120 Germans 7% stated they had used oupatient psychotherapy in the former 6 years or being actually in outpatient psychotherapy. Comparisions of socio-economic variables between persons with and without use of outpatient psychotherapy showed, contrary to expectations, that psychotherapy is not utilised by so called "YARVIS" (young, attractive, rich, verbal, intelligent, successful) patients.

Ambivalence over Emotional Expressiveness: psychometric evaluation of the AEQ-G18 in a representative German survey.

Objective: The present study evaluates a questionnaire on ambivalence over emotional expressiveness, the AEQ-G18 [1], [2], with regard to its statistical parameters, the influence of socio-demographic variables, and its interrelationship with depression and quality of life.

Methods: A representative German sample (1009 participants from East Germany and 1034 participants from West Germany) completed the AEQ-G18 [1], [2], the depression screener DEP-2 [3], the Profile of Mood States POMS [4], the revised Beck Depression Inventory BDI [5], the short form of the Patient Health Questionnaire PHQ-9 [6] and the SF-36 health survey questionnaire [7].

Results: Our study was only partially able to confirm the two factors effect ambivalence and competence ambivalence postulated by Traue et al.

[Standardization of the German short version of "profile of mood states" (POMS) in a representative sample--short communication].

The questionnaire "Profile of Mood States (POMS)" is recommended as a measure of mood states in patients and non-clinical samples. On the basis of a representative sample (2043 subjects) reference values for the four scales (DEPRESSION/ANXIETY, FATIGUE, VIGOR, ANGER) of the German short version of the "Profile of Mood States" (POMS--35 items, 7 point scale, instruction "How you have been feeling during the past 24 hours?") are presented. The scale ANGER was independent from variables gender, age, education and current residence.

Two-question depression-screeners - the solution to all problems?

Unlabelled: Depression constitutes a considerable issue in medicine and it is anticipated that the amount of people suffering from affective disorders will increase significantly. It would be useful to have a simple, fast screening procedure which would help detect depression. In four recently published articles a two-question depression-screener is recommended.

[Validation and standardization of the "Questionnaire for Assessing Subjective Physical Well-Being" by Kolip and Schmidt in a representative German sample].

The "Questionnaire for Assessing Subjective Physical Well-Being" by Kolip and Schmidt is examined using data drawn from a nationally representative survey of 573 former East and 1900 former West Germans. In this non-clinical sample the construct "subjective physical well-being" assessed by the "Questionnaire for Assessing Subjective Physical Well-Being" seems to have just one dimension. As women and probands with growing age score lower for "subjective physical well-being" a differentiated standardization was done for gender and age.

[Development of a short version of the Insecurity Questionnaire (U-Bogen-24) by Ullrich & Ullrich de Muynck].

The psychometric properties of a newly developed short version of the "Unsicherheitsfragebogen" (Insecurity Questionnaire) by Ullrich & Ullrich de Muynck are examined using data drawn from a nationally representative survey of 652 former East and 1283 former West Germans. In addition, the questionnaire was tested on a clinical sample of 318 psychotherapy inpatients. The study demonstrates good test-theoretical features regarding parameters of items and subscales.

Worrying about one's job, family, financial situation and health - results of a population-representative study.

Objective: Worrying about one's job, family, financial situation and health is distressing. How intense are these worries in the general population?

Methods: An inquiry representative of the German population (N=2473, age>14 years) was performed. The total score of the "Questionnaire for Assessing Subjective Physical Well-Being" (FEW) and the screening scale of the "Trier Inventory for the Assessment of Chronic Stress" (TICS) were correlated with the four above mentioned items addressing worries (range 1-4).

[Screening for depression -- two questions practically oriented].

Despite the high epidemiological relevance of depressive disorders in daily clinical practice, they are insufficiently diagnosed. For screening, the U.S.

[The German short version of "Profile of Mood States" (POMS): psychometric evaluation in a representative sample].

The German short version of "Profile of Mood States" (POMS) was psychometrically tested in a representative sample (1009 subjects in Eastern Germany and 1034 subjects in Western Germany). The 35 items (7 point scale, instruction "How you have been feeling during the past 24 hours?") form the following scales: Depression/Anxiety, Fatigue, Vigor, Hostility. The POMS appears to be an internally consistent instrument (Cronbach's Alpha from 0.

[Connections between attachment prototypes and relationship patterns].

Connections between attachment styles and relationship patterns are studied on 32 female psychotherapy patients. Our study gives first hints to a connection between attachment variables, assessed by the German version of the Adult Attachment Prototype Rating (AAPR) and predominant relationship patterns, assessed by the Core Conflictual Relationship Theme Method (CCRT) developed by Luborsky, if both methods are used independently. Subsamples according to the attachment styles show differences in CCRT variables.

[Religious and spiritual beliefs - validation of the German version of the "Systems of Belief Inventory" (SBI-15R-D) by Holland et al. in a population-based sample].

The present study describes the German version of the "Systems of Belief Inventory (SBI-15R)" developed by Holland et al. The questionnaire was used in a representative sample of 954 eastern and 1031 western Germans. The SBI met tests of internal consistency and demonstrated discriminant validity.

[The connection between affective evaluation of recollected relationship experiences and the severity of the psychic impairment].

This study, carried out at three different university centers contributes to validating the valence dimension of the CCRT-method. Working on the state of the CCRT-research on affective evaluation of relationship narratives, the connection between the valence dimension of the responses from others (RO), responses of the self (RS) and the severity of the psychic disorder has been analysed with the help of two different samples (n = 266 resp. n = 32) taken from female patients.

[Empirical analysis of transference and relationship patterns--A single case study].

In the present study a psychoanalytic therapy was assessed by the CCRT method for the first time. We used reformulated categories for CCRT scoring. The data analyses were based not only on the most frequent categories but on newly developed alternative strategies.

[The German short version of the interpersonal guilt questionnaire--Validation in a population-based sample and clinical application].

The present study describes the development of the German short version "Fragebogen zu interpersonellen Schuldgefühlen" (FIS) of the "Interpersonal Guilt Questionnaire" (IGQ) developed by O'Connor et al. The questionnaire was used in a representative sample of 652 eastern and 1283 western Germans. Woman show higher scores on the subscales "Seperation Guilt" and "Omnipotent Responsibility Guilt" than man.

Central Relationship Patterns in Comparison with Different Objects.

In the present study the Relationship Episode Paradigm Interviews of 70 female patients with different psychoneurotic diseases were analysed with respect to object-specific patterns with the CCRT method. The most frequent categories are the same in all relationship episodes and in subsamples of relationship episodes with mother and father. These categories are also predominant in episodes with women and men.