Enrichment of medium-quality colostrum by adding colostrum replacer, combined or not with transition milk in the feeding of dairy calves.

Fifty Holstein calves were allocated in randomized blocks and distributed in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement; (A) two sources of Ig: (1) Control: bovine colostrum (25% Brix); (2) Enriched colostrum: mid-quality bovine colostrum (20% Brix) enriched with colostrum replacer to 25% Brix; and (B) two transition feeding diets: (1) Whole milk (WM): supply of 4 L/day of whole milk for 3 days after the colostrum feeding; and (2) Formulated transition milk (FTM): supply 4 L/day of whole milk enriched with 70 g/L of colostrum replacer for 3 days after the colostrum feeding. Blood samples were collected at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h of age to determine total serum protein (TSP), glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), erythrocyte and leukocyte concentrations. IgG was measured at 48 h.

Impact of different levels of lactose and total solids of the liquid diet on calf performance, health, and blood metabolites.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding milk replacer (MR) with varying levels of lactose and the increased supply of total solids (from 750 to 960 g/d) on performance, blood metabolites, and health of Holstein male calves during the preweaning period.

Methods: Forty newborn Holstein calves (10 per treatment) were blocked according to birth weight and date of birth and distributed in a randomized block design to different liquid diets: Whole milk powder (WMP) diluted to 125 g/L solids; MR with 48% lactose (48L), diluted to 125 g/L solids; MR with 53% lactose (53L), diluted to 125 g/L solids; 53L MR corrected to 160 g/L solids (16TS) by the inclusion of a solid corrector. Calves were individually housed in wood hutches, fed 6 L/d of the liquid diet, and had free water and starter concentrate access.

Essential oil blend supplementation in the milk replacer of dairy calves: Performance and health.

Supplementation of dairy calves with essential oils in the liquid diet can reduce the incidence and severity of infectious diseases and promote better performance. Our objective was to evaluate an essential oil blend containing peppermint, eucalyptus, and menthol crystals and its effect on performance and health during the pre and postweaning period of dairy calves. At birth, 40 dairy calves (34 males and 6 females) were blocked according to sex and birth weight, randomly assigned to one of two treatments-commercial milk replacer diluted at 14% (MR) and the same liquid diet plus essential oil blend (MREO) at a dose of 4 mL per calf per day, divided into two meals during the first 28 days of life.

Effect of Maternal or Formulated Transition Milk on the Health and Performance of Dairy Calves.

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of maternal or formulated transition milk with colostrum powder on the performance and health of dairy calves. After receiving 12% of their birth weight in high-quality colostrum, 36 Holstein calves (17 males and 19 females) were blocked according to sex, birth date and birth weight (29.16 kg ± 1.

Sunflower Cake from the Biodiesel Industry in the Diet Improves the Performance and Carcass Traits of Nellore Young Bulls.

We aimed to determine the optimal inclusion level of sunflower cake (0, 90, 180, and 270 g/kg total DM) as a partial replacement of soybean meal and corn ground in young bulls' diets by examining nutrient intake and digestibility, ingestive behavior, nitrogen balance, metabolic serum profile, growth performance, and carcass traits. Thirty-two intact Nellore bulls (BW 374 ± 42.5) were distributed in a completely randomized design.

Dietary Effect of Palm Kernel Oil Inclusion in Feeding Finishing Lambs on Meat Quality.

This study evaluated the effects of palm kernel oil (PKO) in the diet of lambs on carcass characteristics, quality, and fatty acid profile of the meat. Forty uncastrated male Santa Inês lambs were used and divided among the treatments: PKOzero without inclusion; PKO1.3—added 1.

The Quality of Salted Sun-Dried Meat from Young Nellore Bulls Fed Diets with Lauric Acid.

This study aims to evaluate the quality of salted sun-dried meat from young bulls (Nellore cattle) fed with a diet containing 0.0, 0.5, 1.

Age and Post-Prandial Variations on Selected Metabolites in Dairy Calves Fed Different Liquid Diets.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the age and post-prandial variations in selected metabolite concentration that may indicate a shift in metabolism, from pre- to functional ruminant, according to the liquid diet fed to dairy calves. Sixteen newborn Holstein calves were included in the study in a randomized complete block experimental design. The calves were individually housed and fed 6 L/d with whole milk (WM) or milk replacer (MR).

Evaluation of different liquid diets associated with environmental enrichment in the performance and behaviour of dairy calves.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of two liquid diets and the use of environmental enrichment (EE) in individually housed calves fed in open buckets. The treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design, with factor 1 as the liquid diets: Whole Milk (WM) or Milk Replacer (MR); and factor 2 as absence or presence of environmental enrichment (brushes and a dry teat). Twenty-four newborn Holstein calves were distributed in four treatments: (1) WM; (2) WM + EE; (3) MR; and (4) MR + EE.

Comparative study of different liquid diets for dairy calves and the impact on performance and the bacterial community during diarrhea.

The liquid diet composition can affect dairy calves' performance and diarrhea incidence. The effect of three liquid diets on performance, incidence of diarrhea, and microbial community during diarrhea occurrence in dairy calves were evaluated. At birth, 35 dairy calves (20 male and 15 female) were randomly assigned to one of three treatments-refrigerated whole milk (WM), acidified whole milk (AWM), and milk replacer (MR).

Effect of Dietary Palm Kernel Oil on the Quality, Fatty Acid Profile, and Sensorial Attributes of Young Bull Meat.

Lipid supplementation through vegetable oils in diets for ruminants can be a nutritional strategy to increase energy density, manipulate ruminal fermentation and change the physicochemical composition and sensorial properties of meat. This study evaluated the optimal dietary inclusion of palm kernel oil (PKO) for Nellore bulls on meat quality. The diets consisted of 0.

Performance, Digestibility, Nitrogen Balance and Ingestive Behavior of Young Feedlot Bulls Supplemented with Palm Kernel Oil.

Vegetable oils can be used to increase energy density in diets; manipulate rumen fermentation; and alter the capacity for degradation, digestion and absorption of nutrients. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate palm kernel oil (PKO) in the diet of confined bulls with the inclusion of 0.0, 11.

Effects of Increasing Levels of Palm Kernel Oil in the Feed of Finishing Lambs.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of palm kernel oil (PKO) in a lamb diet on nutrient intake, digestibility, ingestive behavior, nitrogen balance, blood metabolites, rumen fermentation parameters, and animal performance. Three experimental trials were conducted. The treatments consisted of varying levels of PKO included in the diet, with PKO = no PKO inclusion, PKO = 1.

Supplementation of Lysine and Methionine in Milk Replacer or Starter Concentrate for Dairy Calves in Step-Up/Step-Down Feeding Program.

This study aimed to evaluate the performance and metabolic changes in dairy calves fed in a step-up/step-down program and supplemented with lysine and methionine in a milk replacer (MR) or starter concentrate (SC). Male Holstein calves ( = 45) were blocked and distributed in the control without supplementation (1) and with lysine and methionine supplementation in the SC to achieve an intake of 17 and 5.3 g/d, respectively (2), and in the MR to achieve the same daily intake (3).

Does algae β-glucan affect the fecal bacteriome in dairy calves?

β-glucans has been reported to be associated with many health-promoting and improvements in animal performance, however, information about their effects on the bacterial community remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate how the addition of β-glucans can affect the fecal bacterial community with possible consequences on animal growth and health. For this, newborn Holstein calves (n = 14) were individually housed in tropical shelters and blocked according to sex, date, and weight at birth and randomly assigned to one of the following treatments: (1) Control: milk replacer (14% solids, 24% CP, 18.

Ruminal and Fecal Bacteriome of Dairy Calves Fed Different Levels and Sources of NDF.

A starter concentrate containing different levels and sources of NDF can modify the gastrointestinal bacteriome. This study evaluated 18 Holstein calves housed in un-bedded suspended individual cages, fed one of three treatments: 22NDF: a conventional starter containing 22% NDF (n = 7); 31NDF: a starter with 31% NDF, replacing part of the corn by soybean hull (n = 6); and 22Hay: diet 22NDF plus coast-cross hay ad libitum (n = 5). All animals received 4 L of milk replacer daily, weaned at 8th week of age, and housed in wood shelters until week 10.

Microbial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract of dairy calves - a review of its importance and relationship to health and performance.

This review aims to explain how microbial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in young dairy calves is related to health and, consequently, to the performance of these animals. The review addresses everything from the fundamental aspects of microbial colonization to the current understanding about the microbiota manipulation to improve performance in adult animals. The ruminal microbiota is the most studied, mainly due to the high interest in the fermentative aspects, the production of short-chain fatty acids, and microbial proteins, and its effects on animal production.

Lysine and Methionine Supplementation for Dairy Calves Is More Accurate through the Liquid than the Solid Diet.

This study aimed to evaluate the performance and metabolic changes in dairy calves supplemented with lysine and methionine in milk replacer (MR) or starter concentrate (SC). Male Holstein calves ( = 45) were blocked and distributed in Control without supplementation (1) and; Lysine and Methionine supplementation to achieve an intake of 17 and 5.3 g/d in the SC (2) and to achieve of 17 and 5.