Epigenetic variation in light of population genetic practice.

The evolutionary impact of epigenetic variation depends on its transgenerational stability and source - whether genetically determined, environmentally induced, or due to spontaneous, genotype-independent mutations. Here, we evaluate current approaches for investigating an independent role of epigenetics in evolution, pinpointing methodological challenges. We further identify opportunities arising from integrating epigenetic data with population genetic analyses in natural populations.

Time Code for multifunctional 3D printhead controls.

Direct Ink Writing, an extrusion-based 3D printing technique, has attracted growing interest due to its ability to process a broad range of materials and integrate multifunctional printheads with features such as shape-changing nozzles, in-situ curing, material switching, and material mixing. Despite these advancements, incorporating auxiliary controls into Geometry Code (G-Code), the standard programming language for these printers, remains challenging. G-Code's line-by-line execution requires auxiliary control commands to interrupt the print path motion, causing defects in the printed structure.

Feline Papillomatosis.

Different types of feline papillomaviruses (PVs) are associated with a variety of skin lesions and neoplasia, such as papillomas and cell carcinomas, but the virus can also be found in healthy skin. In this review, the European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases (ABCD), a scientifically independent board of veterinary experts on feline infectious diseases from 11 European Countries, discusses the current knowledge of feline PV infections. Cats most likely become infected through lesions or abrasions of the skin.

Methicillin-Resistant : The Shifting Landscape in the United Arab Emirates.

Background: Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) is a significant burden globally, particularly in the Arabian Gulf region. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has experienced rising MRSA prevalence, with increasing diversity in the clonal complexes (CCs) identified. The COVID-19 pandemic, with its increased hospitalization rates and antibiotic use, may have further influenced MRSA's genetic evolution and epidemiology in the country.

Paediatric strategy forum for medicinal product development in diffuse midline gliomas in children and adolescents ACCELERATE in collaboration with the European Medicines Agency with participation of the Food and Drug Administration.

Fewer than 10 % of children with diffuse midline glioma (DMG) survive 2 years from diagnosis. Radiation therapy remains the cornerstone of treatment and there are no medicinal products with regulatory approval. Although the biology of DMG is better characterized, this has not yet translated into effective treatments.

Low agreement and frequent invalid controls in two SARS-CoV-2 T-cell assays in people with compromised immune function.

T-cell response plays an important role in SARS-CoV-2 immunogenicity. For people living with HIV (PWH) and solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients there is limited evidence on the reliability of commercially available T-cell tests. We assessed 173 blood samples from 81 participants (62 samples from 35 PWH; 111 samples from 46 SOT recipients [lung and kidney]) with two commercial SARS-CoV-2 Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) release assays (IGRA; SARS-CoV-2 IGRA by Euroimmun, and IGRA SARS-CoV-2 by Roche).

Optimizing Electroconvulsive Therapy With E-Field Modeling: A Narrative Review.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for severe depression, especially in treatment-resistant cases. However, its potential cognitive side effects necessitate careful dosing to balance therapeutic benefits and cognitive stability. Recent advances in electric field (E-field) modeling offer promising avenues to optimize ECT dosing.

Nitric oxide in exercise physiology: past and present perspectives.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous signaling molecule known to modulate various physiological processes, with specific implications in skeletal muscle and broader applications in exercise performance. This review focuses on the modulation of skeletal muscle function, mitochondrial adaptation and function, redox state by NO, and the effect of nitrate supplementation on exercise performance. In skeletal muscle function, NO is believed to increase the maximal shortening velocity and peak power output of muscle fibers.

Glucose Lowering through Weight management (GLoW): a randomised controlled trial of the clinical and cost effectiveness of a diabetes education and behavioural weight management programme vs a diabetes education programme in adults with a recent diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.

Aims/hypothesis: UK standard care for type 2 diabetes is structured diabetes education, with no effects on HbA, small, short-term effects on weight and low uptake. We evaluated whether remotely delivered tailored diabetes education combined with commercial behavioural weight management is cost-effective compared with current standard care in helping people with type 2 diabetes to lower their blood glucose, lose weight, achieve remission and improve cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods: We conducted a pragmatic, randomised, parallel two-group trial.

Assessing the "Reach" of a Fire-Based Mobile Integrated Health Buprenorphine Induction Program through an Implementation Science Lens.

Objectives: Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) reduces morbidity and mortality for patients with opioid use disorder (OUD). Recent administrative and legislative changes have made MOUD possible in the prehospital setting. We use an implementation science framework to outline the Reach of a fire department EMS-based Mobile Integrated Health (MIH) prehospital MOUD program.

Genetic ancestry superpopulations show distinct prevalence and outcomes across pediatric central nervous system tumors from the PBTA and PNOC.

Background: Central nervous system (CNS) tumors lead to cancer-related mortality in children. Genetic ancestry-associated cancer prevalence and outcomes have been studied, but is limited.

Methods: We performed genetic ancestry prediction in 1,452 pediatric patients with paired normal and tumor whole genome sequencing from the Open Pediatric Cancer (OpenPedCan) project to evaluate the influence of reported race and ethnicity and ancestry-based genetic superpopulations on tumor histology, molecular subtype, survival, and treatment.

Assessment of access and outcomes of kidney transplantation through the reforms of the Swiss organ allocation system.

Introduction: The Swiss allocation system for kidney transplantation has evolved over time to balance medical urgency, immunological compatibility, and waiting time. Since the introduction of the transplantation law in 2007, which imposed organ allocation on a national level, the algorithm has been optimized. Initially based on waiting time, HLA compatibility, and crossmatch performed by cell complement-dependent cytotoxicity techniques, the system moved in 2012 to a score including HLA compatibility, waiting time, anti-HLA antibodies detected by the Luminex technology, and a virtual crossmatch.

Seagrass wasting disease prevalence and lesion area increase with invertebrate grazing across the northeastern Pacific.

Disease is a key driver of community and ecosystem structure, especially when it strikes foundation species. In the widespread marine foundation species eelgrass (Zostera marina), outbreaks of wasting disease have caused large-scale meadow collapse in the past, and the causative pathogen, Labyrinthula zosterae, is commonly found in meadows globally. Research to date has mainly focused on abiotic environmental drivers of seagrass wasting disease, but there is strong evidence from other systems that biotic interactions such as herbivory can facilitate plant diseases.

The association of capillary refill time and return of spontaneous circulation during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: an observational study.

Introduction: Microcirculatory alterations are predictive of poor outcomes in patients with shock and after cardiac arrest in animal models. However, microcirculatory alterations during human cardiac arrest have not yet been studied.

Methods: We prospectively included adult patients receiving resuscitation after witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Bone mass distribution of 892 distal tibiae and implications for the treatment of medial malleolar fractures.

Background: The medial malleolus is involved in up to 50 % of ankle fractures. When surgery is required, a thorough understanding of bone mass distribution within the distal tibia is crucial for selecting and positioning screws to ensure stable fixation. Despite its clinical significance, data on the bone mass distribution in the distal tibia remains limited.

Temperate grassland conversion to conifer forest destabilises mineral soil carbon stocks.

Tree-planting is increasingly presented as a cost-effective strategy to maximise ecosystem carbon (C) storage and thus mitigate climate change. Its success largely depends on the associated response of soil C stocks, where most terrestrial C is stored. Yet, we lack a precise understanding of how soil C stocks develop following tree planting, and particularly how it affects the form in which soil C is stored and its associated stability and resistance to climate change.

Risk factors of avascular femoral head necrosis after a pediatric femoral neck fracture: a 15-year follow up and an adjustment to the Delbet classification.

Background: Pediatric femoral neck fractures (PFNF) are rare but associated with a high rate of serious complications such as avascular femoral head necrosis (AVN). Major risk factors and prognostic tools for an AVN are still unclear. As AVN is a devastating complication, this study aims to evaluate the predictors for AVN following a PFNF.

Integration of Conventional and Virtual Reality Approaches in Augmented Reality for Theory-Based Psychoeducational Intervention Design for Chronic Low Back Pain: Scoping Review.

Background: Psychoeducation positively influences the psychological components of chronic low back pain (CLBP) in conventional treatments. The digitalization of health care has led to the discussion of virtual reality (VR) interventions. However, CLBP treatments in VR have some limitations due to full immersion.

Bacterial and host enzymes modulate the inflammatory response produced by the peptidoglycan of the Lyme disease agent.

The spirochete causes Lyme disease. In some patients, an excessive, dysregulated proinflammatory immune response can develop in joints leading to persistent arthritis. In such patients, persistence of antigenic peptidoglycan (PG) fragments within joint tissues may contribute to the immunopathogenesis, even after appropriate antibiotic treatment.

Wnt signaling drives stromal inflammation in inflammatory arthritis.

The concept that fibroblasts are critical mediators of inflammation is an emerging paradigm. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), they are the main producers of IL-6 as well as a host of other cytokines and chemokines. Their pathologic activation also directly causes cartilage and bone degradation.

Metabolic dysfunction in mice with adipocyte specific ablation of the adenosine A2A receptor.

It has been well established that adenosine plays a key role in the control of inflammation through G protein coupled receptors and recently shown that it can regulate thermogenesis. Here we investigated the specific requirements of the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) in mature adipocytes for thermogenic functionality and metabolic homeostasis. We generated fat tissue specific adenosine A2A receptor knock-out mice to assess the influence of signaling through this receptor on brown and beige fat functionality, obesity, insulin sensitivity, inflammation and liver function.

Neonatal cost savings in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: Economic evaluation of the sFlt-1/PlGF test with real world implementation of biomarkers.

Background: Preeclampsia is a key cause of prematurity in the U.S. and incurs significant healthcare costs.

Multinational retrospective analysis of bridging therapy prior to chimeric antigen receptor t cells for relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and young adults.

Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR) are a well-established treatment option for children and young adults suffering from relapsed/refractory B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Bridging therapy is used to control disease prior to start of lymphodepletion before CAR infusion and thereby improve efficacy of CAR therapy. However, the effect of different bridging strategies on outcome, side effects and response to CAR therapy is still poorly understood.

Are psychological attitudes towards vaccination an expression of personality? A cross-sectional study on COVID-19 vaccination in France.

Background: The capacity of the 7C model's psychological antecedents, which include confidence in vaccines, complacency, convenience, calculation, collective responsibility, confidence in the wider system, and social conformism, to explain variance in COVID-19 vaccine intentions and behaviours has been documented. However, it remains unclear whether the attitudes represented by the 7C psychological antecedents are specific to vaccination or if they are, in fact, an expression of underlying personality traits.

Methods: From February to June 2022, French adults completed self-administered questionnaires assessing COVID-19 vaccination history, the 7C antecedents, and personality traits ("ComCor" and "Cognitiv" studies).