Genetic variants in tooth agenesis-related genes might be also involved in tooth size variations.

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate if genetic variants in PAX9, MSX1, TGFα, FGF3, FGF10, FGF13, GLI2 and GLI3 are involved in TS of permanent teeth.

Materials And Methods: Pretreatment dental records from orthodontic patients were assessed prior to recruitment. Patients with tooth agenesis and congenital anomalies (including oral cleft) and/or syndromes were excluded.

Impact of rapid diagnostics with antimicrobial stewardship support for children with positive blood cultures: A quasi-experimental study with time trend analysis.

Objective: Evaluate the clinical impact of the implementation of VERIGENE gram-positive blood culture testing (BC-GP) coupled with antimicrobial stewardship result notification for children with positive blood cultures.

Design: Quasi-experimental study.

Setting: Quaternary children's hospital.

The Epidemiology of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in a Pediatric Healthcare Network in the United States.

Background: Understanding the prevalence and clinical presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 in pediatric patients can help healthcare providers and systems prepare and respond to this emerging pandemic.

Methods: This was a retrospective case series of patients tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) across a pediatric healthcare network, including clinical features and outcomes of those with positive test results.

Results: Of 7256 unique children tested for SARS-CoV-2, 424 (5.

Predicting outcomes after acute reperfusion therapy for basilar artery occlusion.

Background And Purpose: Basilar artery occlusion (BAO) leads to high rates of morbidity and mortality, despite successful recanalization. The discordance between flow restoration and long-term functional status clouds clinical decision-making regarding further aggressive care. We sought to develop and validate a practical, prognostic tool for the prediction of 3-month favorable outcome after acute reperfusion therapy for BAO.

Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma biomarkers in individuals at risk for genetic prion disease.

Background: Prion disease is neurodegenerative disease that is typically fatal within months of first symptoms. Clinical trials in this rapidly declining symptomatic patient population have proven challenging. Individuals at high lifetime risk for genetic prion disease can be identified decades before symptom onset and provide an opportunity for early therapeutic intervention.

Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Polygenic Disease Relative Risk Reduction: Evaluation of Genomic Index Performance in 11,883 Adult Sibling Pairs.

Preimplantation genetic testing for polygenic disease risk (PGT-P) represents a new tool to aid in embryo selection. Previous studies demonstrated the ability to obtain necessary genotypes in the embryo with accuracy equivalent to in adults. When applied to select adult siblings with known type I diabetes status, a reduction in disease incidence of 45-72% compared to random selection was achieved.

Impact of thrombus surface on first pass reperfusion in contact aspiration and stent retriever thrombectomy.

Background: To assess whether thrombus surface morphology has an impact on first pass reperfusion in contact aspiration (CA) and stent retriever (SR) thrombectomy.

Methods: From January 2016 to December 2018, consecutive stroke patients with an occlusion of the middle cerebral artery and thrombectomy (CA or SR) were examined in this retrospective study. We assessed patients' characteristics, procedural data and clinical outcome.

Influence of bariatric surgery induced weight loss on oxidative DNA damage.

Obesity is associated with elevated cancer risk, which may be represented by elevated genomic damage. Oxidative stress plays a key role in obesity related detrimental health consequences including DNA oxidation damage. The elevated cancer risk in obesity may be a consequence.

Clinical Trials and Tribulations in the COVID-19 Era.

Advances in treating and preventing Alzheimer disease and other neurocognitive disorders of aging arise from rigorous preclinical and clinical research, with randomized controlled treatment trials as the last and definitive test. The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly disrupted ongoing interventional studies and researchers are scrambling to find ways to safely continue this critical work amidst rapidly shifting guidelines from sponsors, institutions, and state and federal guidelines. Here the authors describe novel approaches and work-flow adaptations to study visits, drug delivery and interim and endpoint safety and outcomes assessments to avoid sacrificing years of preparation and substantial financial investments, to work in the best interest of participants and their caregivers, and to continue on the path toward discovering disease-modifying treatments for the millions of individuals impacted by major neurocognitive disorders.

Acupuncture Treatment Modulates the Connectivity of Key Regions of the Descending Pain Modulation and Reward Systems in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain.

Chronic low back pain (cLBP) is a common disorder with unsatisfactory treatment options. Acupuncture has emerged as a promising method for treating cLBP. However, the mechanism underlying acupuncture remains unclear.

Bruxism Throughout the Lifespan and Variants in , and .

Bruxism is a masticatory muscle activity characterized by grinding of the teeth and clenching of the jaw that causes tooth wear and breakage, temporomandibular joint disorders, muscle pain, and headache. Bruxism occurs in both adults and children. Clinical characteristics and habits were evaluated in an adult sample.

Prescriber perceptions of fluoroquinolones, extended-spectrum cephalosporins, and infection.

Background: Fluoroquinolones (FQs) and extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs) are associated with higher risk of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Decreasing the unnecessary use of FQs and ESCs is a goal of antimicrobial stewardship. Understanding how prescribers perceive the risks and benefits of FQs and ESCs is needed.

The stepwise assembly of the neonatal virome is modulated by breastfeeding.

The gut of healthy human neonates is usually devoid of viruses at birth, but quickly becomes colonized, which-in some cases-leads to gastrointestinal disorders. Here we show that the assembly of the viral community in neonates takes place in distinct steps. Fluorescent staining of virus-like particles purified from infant meconium or early stool samples shows few or no particles, but by one month of life particle numbers increase to 10 per gram, and these numbers seem to persist throughout life.

Impaired mesocorticolimbic connectivity underlies increased pain sensitivity in chronic low back pain.

Chronic low back pain (cLBP) is a prevalent disorder. A growing body of evidence linking the pathology of the reward network to chronic pain suggests that pain sensitization may contribute to cLBP chronification via disruptions of mesocortical and mesolimbic circuits in the reward system. Resting-state (RS) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data was acquired from 90 patients with cLBP and 74 matched pain-free controls (HCs) at baseline and after a manipulation for back pain intensification.

Perturbations of the Gut Microbiome and Metabolome in Children with Calcium Oxalate Kidney Stone Disease.

Background: The relationship between the composition and function of gut microbial communities and early-onset calcium oxalate kidney stone disease is unknown.

Methods: We conducted a case-control study of 88 individuals aged 4-18 years, which included 44 individuals with kidney stones containing ≥50% calcium oxalate and 44 controls matched for age, sex, and race. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing and untargeted metabolomics were performed on stool samples.

Reduced tactile acuity in chronic low back pain is linked with structural neuroplasticity in primary somatosensory cortex and is modulated by acupuncture therapy.

Prior studies have shown that patients suffering from chronic Low Back Pain (cLBP) have impaired somatosensory processing including reduced tactile acuity, i.e. reduced ability to resolve fine spatial details with the perception of touch.

Comparative Effectiveness of Antibiotic Treatment Duration in Children With Pyelonephritis.

Importance: National guidelines recommend treating children with pyelonephritis for 7 to 14 days of antibiotic therapy, yet data are lacking to suggest a more precise treatment duration.

Objective: To compare the clinical outcomes of children receiving a short-course vs a prolonged-course of antibiotic treatment for pyelonephritis.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Retrospective observational study using inverse probability of treatment weighted propensity score analysis of data from 5 hospitals in Maryland between July 1, 2016, and October 1, 2018.

Establishment and functional characterization of a murine primary Sertoli cell line deficient of connexin43.

The Sertoli cell (SC) specific connexin43 (Cx43) knockout (SCCx43KO) mouse line is ideal to gain insight into the mechanistic gap junction formation in SC and the seminiferous epithelium. A method for developing primary SC cultures from these mice was established, validated and successfully characterized via polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence (IF), and Western blots (WB). It was evident that both knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) primary cell cultures were similar in morphology.

Bacterial colonization reprograms the neonatal gut metabolome.

Initial microbial colonization and later succession in the gut of human infants are linked to health and disease later in life. The timing of the appearance of the first gut microbiome, and the consequences for the early life metabolome, are just starting to be defined. Here, we evaluated the gut microbiome, proteome and metabolome in 88 African-American newborns using faecal samples collected in the first few days of life.

Safety of inter-hospital transfer of patients with acute ischemic stroke for evaluation of endovascular thrombectomy.

Stroke networks facilitate access to endovascular treatment (EVT) for patients with ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion. In this study we aimed to determine the safety of inter-hospital transfer and included all patients with acute ischemic stroke who were transferred within our stroke network for evaluation of EVT between 06/2016 and 12/2018. Data were derived from our prospective EVT database and transfer protocols.

Renal Function-Adjusted D-Dimer Levels in Critically Ill Patients With Suspected Thromboembolism.

Objectives: Diagnosing thromboembolic disease typically includes D-dimer testing and use of clinical scores in patients with low to intermediate pretest probability. However, renal dysfunction is often observed in patients with thromboembolic disease and was previously shown to be associated with increased D-dimer levels. We seek to validate previously suggested estimated glomerular filtration rate-adjusted D-dimer cutoff levels.

Increased S-100 B levels are associated with fractures and soft tissue injury in multiple trauma patients.

Background: S-100 B protein was identified as a biomarker for traumatic brain injury, but studies suggest that extracranial injuries may also lead to increased S-100 B serum levels. In this study, we aim to quantify the impact of injury patterns on S-100 B levels in patients with suspected multiple trauma.

Methods: Patients with suspected multiple trauma treated at a Level 1 Trauma centre in Switzerland were included in this retrospective patient chart review.