Cyclic Methacrylate Tetrahydropyrimidinones: Synthesis, Properties, (Co)Polymerization.

During radical polymerization of novel biocidal methacrylate guanidine monomers, a cyclic byproduct was discovered and identified as 2-imino-5-methyltetrahydropyrimidin-4(1H)-one (THP). Its methacrylate salt (MTHP) was synthesized and characterized via H and C NMR and pyrolysis chromatography. Synthesis conditions of both THP and MTHP were optimized to high yields, and both MTHP homopolymerization (in aqua) and copolymerization with diallyldimethylammonium chloride (in aqua in salt form) were successfully carried out with middle to high yields, providing a promising platform for potential tailored biocide polymers.

[The role of endoscopic methods in treatment of tracheal cicatricial stenoses].

Treatment of tracheal cicatricial stenosis is one of the most difficult problems of modem medicine. There are two main therapeutic approaches--endoscopic (bronchoscopic) and surgical (open). The paper describes the methods of endoscopic treatment of stenoses allowing achieving complete recovery of tracheal lumen in some cases.

Symmetric C-C stretching mode splitting versus CH2-chain conformation order in sodium montmorillonite modified by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide.

Exploiting Raman spectroscopy and computational modeling, for the first time, we report and explain an interesting phenomenon in clay modified by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. A splitting of the CH(2)-chain's symmetric C-C stretching Raman mode found at ~1128 cm(-1) in cetyltrimethylammonium bromide into two bands at 1128 and 1139 cm(-1) in clay modified by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide is observed. We demonstrate that this splitting appears if two types of trans-segments with nonequivalent lengths and terminal groups coexist in the CH(2)-chain of the alkylammonium ion embedded into the clay interlayer space.

[Composite biodegradable materials based on polyhydroxyalkanoate].

Conditions for the processing and mixing of biodegradable polymers at temperatures less than their thermal destruction (130-150 degrees C) using standard equipment have been identified. The structure of the polyhydroxybutyrate/valerate (PHB/V) copolymer has been revealed and peculiarities of the crystal phase formation at different monomer ratios have been investigated. It was shown that pure PHB with molecular mass 180-270 kDa has elastic module approximately 1.

[Photodynamic therapy in treatment of lung cancer].

The effectiveness of photodynamic therapy was studied in 20 patients with different stages of lung cancer. We used the photosensitizer--PHOTOHEM and gold vapor laser (Auran). Photodynamic therapy was combined with high-energy laser photodestruction of tumors in 7 patients.

Raman spectroscopic characterization of the interlayer structure of Na+-montmorillonite clay modified by ditetradecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide.

Raman spectroscopy has been applied for the rapid and nondestructive monitoring of the interlayer structure of sodium montmorillonite (MMT) clay modified by ditetradecyl dimethyl ammonium (DDA+) bromide. This work demonstrates that a detailed analysis of Raman spectra in the fingerprint region (600-1600 cm(-1)), in combination with model simulation, allows one to distinguish different conformational states of DDA+ in the interlayer space of the modified clay, namely, a liquidlike state but rich in trans conformers, disordered conformational states, and a crystallike conformation appearing at increasing modifier content. These conformations differ in the angle between their alkyl chains, the relative content of trans and gauche conformers and the relative length of trans segments.

[Surgical treatment of laryngotracheal cicatricial stenoses].

An analysis of results of 18 laryngotracheal resections in patients after prolonged artificial pulmonary ventilation with circular, A-shaped or mixed forms of stenosis has shown that one-stage sleeve resection of the larynx below the glottis and upper third of the trachea with the formation of primary anastomosis is possible without placing a stent when they have cicatricial lesion. In patients with laryngotracheal stenosis the sleeve laryngotracheal resection is recommended with primary thyrocricoid tracheal anastomosis as a comparatively safe and effective reconstructive operation giving good immediate and long-term results.

[Transbronchial biopsy of the lungs in diagnosis of respiratory sarcoidosis].

Aim: To specify diagnostic potentialities of transbronchial biopsy of the lungs (TBB) in respiratory sarcoidosis (RS).

Material And Methods: TBB of the lungs was performed in bronchofibroscopy under local anesthesia and TV x-ray control with intake of 4-5 biopsy specimens.

Results: Biopsy specimens consisted primarily of alveolar tissue in 62.

[The potential of surgical and bronchoscopic treatment of idiopathic scarry stenoses of the trachea].

Tracheolaryngeal resection is indicated for treatment of idiopathic scarry stenosis of the trachea with destruction of the cartilaginous tracheal semi-rings and cricoid cartilage. The proximity of anastomosis to the vocal folds does not influence the function of the vocal folds, if all technical peculiarities of the operation are observed. The bronchoscopic elimination of the scarry stenosis using laser dissection of the fibrous tissue, bougieurage and temporary endoprosthesis with a silicon T-shape stent is indicated in case of the saved integrity of the cartilaginous carcass of the trachea and larynx.

[Jet transcatheter artificial ventilation in the surgical treatment of tracheal cicatricial stenosis].

The authors present the results of a study of the baseline condition, the parameters of external respiratory function, gas exchange, and hemodynamics in 42 patients with tracheal cicatricial stenosis (TCS). The impact of transcatheter normofrequency artificial ventilation (AL) on the respiratory and circulatory parameters was studied during surgical TCS removal. The baseline impairments were identified in the external respiratory system and in the hemodynamic provision of breathing processes, which corresponded to first-second grade respiratory failure disorders, despite preoperative tracheal bougienage elimination.

[Surgical treatment of the tracheal scarry stenoses].

Surgical policy for scarry tracheal stenosis is analyzed. In the years 1998-2003 in the clinic there were 32 circular resections of the trachea. More than 5 cm of the tracheal segment was ablated in 15 of the cases.

Aerobic and anaerobic microbial degradation of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate produced by Azotobacter chroococcum.

Food industry wastewater served as a carbon source for the synthesis of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) by Azotobacter chroococcum. The content of polymer in bacterial cells grown on the raw materials reached 75%. PHB films were degraded under aerobic, microaerobic, and anaerobic conditions in the presence and absence of nitrate by microbial populations of soil, sludges from anaerobic and nitrifying/denitrifying reactors, and sediment from a sludge deposit site.

[The biodegradation of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) by a model soil community: the effect of cultivation conditions on the degradation rate and the physicochemical characteristics of PHB].

The biodegradation of films made of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) with a molecular mass of 1500 kDa was studied using a model soil community in the presence and absence of nitrate and at different concentrations of oxygen in the gas phase. The biodegradation of PHB was investigated with respect to changes in its molecular mass, crystallinity, and some mechanical properties.

[The fiber bronchoscopic evaluation of the bronchial inflammatory changes and hyperreactivity in bronchial asthma patients].

Bronchofibroscopic bronchial examination detected inflammation-induced changes in the bronchi in the form of mucosal thickening (edema), small masses of the sputum and occasional hyperemia in the majority of the examinees with bronchial asthma. In combination with bronchoalveolar lavage, bronchofibroscopy provides diagnosis of bronchial hyperreactivity basing on determination of segmentary bronchial stenosis in response to salt solution instillation. The degree of this stenosis can evidence the degree of hyperreactivity of the bronchi.

[Endoscopic laser surgery of the trachea].

Bronchoscopic laser operative interventions with the use of yttrium- aluminum -garnet laser were carried out in 36 patients with various pathological structures of the trachea. Laser endosurgery was applied as radical and palliative types of therapy. Endoscopic laser interventions make it possible to remove completely benign and carcinoid tumors, correct some types of cicatricial stenoses, restore continuity of the trachea, and remove respiratory insufficiency in inoperable malignant neoplasms with exophytic growth.

Bronchoscopic laser photocoagulation of superficial cancer of the bronchi.

Multifocal squamous cell carcinoma in the bronchus of the anterior segment of the right lung and in the subsegmental bronchus of the posterior subsegment of the left upper lobe was diagnosed in a 61-year-old man. The right-sided upper lobectomy followed by Nd:YAG laser photocoagulation of the superficial cancer in the left side resulted in total eradication of the tumor. Subsequent follow-up examinations for three years have revealed no relapse of tumor growth.

[Assessment of mucociliary clearance using the radioaerosol method in chronic lung diseases].

The radioaerosol technique with the use of radioalbumin from the TSK-5 kit and of an ultrasonic inhaler makes it possible to determine primarily the mucociliary clearance of the central parts of the tracheobronchial tree. In patients without any pathology of the respiratory organs, the clearance of the inhaled radiopharmaceutical constitutes 45.5 +/- 9.

[The detection of mast cells in the bronchoalveolar contents in lung diseases].

Detection of mast cells in the liquid of bronchoalveolar lavage is made with the aid of staining with alcyane blue after fixation of the cytologic preparations in vapors of 40% formalin. In healthy persons, the content of mast cells in bronchial lavage constitutes 0.4-0.