Shedding New Light on the Hull-Pericarp Adhesion Mechanisms of Barley Grains by Transcriptomics Analysis of Isogenic and Lines.

In barley having adherent hulls, an irreversible connection between the pericarp with both palea and lemma is formed during grain maturation. A mutation in the () gene prevents this connection and leads to the formation of barley with non-adherent hulls. A genetic model of two isogenic lines was used to elucidate the genetic mechanisms of hull adhesion: a doubled haploid line having adherent hulls and its derivative with non-adherent hulls obtained by targeted mutagenesis of the gene.

Accumulation of Anthocyanin in the Aleurone of Barley Grains by Targeted Restoration of the Gene.

Blue barley grain pigmentation results from anthocyanin accumulation in the aleurone layer. Anthocyanins are known for their beneficial effects on human health. The gene encoding the MYELOCYTOMATOSIS 2 (MYC2) transcription factor is potentially responsible for the blue coloration of the aleurone.

A Method for Assessing Working Memory in Rats Using Controlled Virtual Environment.

Unlabelled: is to develop an experimental method to effectively assess the working memory in rats. The method uses a state-of-the-art controlled virtual environment with a virtual maze. The setup includes a treadmill for rodents, a fixation system, a dome for displaying virtual environment, and a control unit.

Memristor-based model of neuronal excitability and synaptic potentiation.

In this manuscript, we investigate the memristor-based implementation of neuronal ion channels in a mathematical model and an experimental circuit for a neuronal oscillator. We used a FitzHugh-Nagumo equation system describing neuronal excitability. Non-linearities introduced by the voltage-gated ion channels were modeled using memristive devices.

Image-Based Quantitative Analysis of Epidermal Morphology in Wild Potato Leaves.

The epidermal leaf patterns of plants exhibit remarkable diversity in cell shapes, sizes, and arrangements, driven by environmental interactions that lead to significant adaptive changes even among closely related species. The Solanaceae family, known for its high diversity of adaptive epidermal structures, has traditionally been studied using qualitative phenotypic descriptions. To advance this, we developed a workflow combining multi-scale computer vision, image processing, and data analysis to extract digital descriptors for leaf epidermal cell morphology.

Germination and Growth Characteristics of Knockout and Knockout Barley Lines under Salt Stress.

genes () and () play a regulatory role in cuticle organization. Because the cuticle is a key evolutionary acquisition of plants for protection against environmental factors, a knockout (KO) of each gene may alter their ability to adapt to unfavorable conditions. A potential pleiotropic effect of or gene mutations can be assessed under salt stress.

Enabling genome editing in tropical maize lines through an improved, morphogenic regulator-assisted transformation protocol.

The recalcitrance exhibited by many maize () genotypes to traditional genetic transformation protocols poses a significant challenge to the large-scale application of genome editing (GE) in this major crop species. Although a few maize genotypes are widely used for genetic transformation, they prove unsuitable for agronomic tests in field trials or commercial applications. This challenge is exacerbated by the predominance of transformable maize lines adapted to temperate geographies, despite a considerable proportion of maize production occurring in the tropics.

Living-Neuron-Based Autogenerator.

We present a novel closed-loop system designed to integrate biological and artificial neurons of the oscillatory type into a unified circuit. The system comprises an electronic circuit based on the FitzHugh-Nagumo model, which provides stimulation to living neurons in acute hippocampal mouse brain slices. The local field potentials generated by the living neurons trigger a transition in the FitzHugh-Nagumo circuit from an excitable state to an oscillatory mode, and in turn, the spikes produced by the electronic circuit synchronize with the living-neuron spikes.

Memristive Neural Networks for Predicting Seizure Activity.

Unlabelled: is to assess the possibilities of predicting epileptiform activity using the neuronal activity data recorded from the hippocampus and medial entorhinal cortex of mice with chronic epileptiform activity. To reach this goal, a deep artificial neural network (ANN) has been developed and its implementation based on memristive devices has been demonstrated.

Materials And Methods: Young healthy outbred CD1 mice were used in our study.

Seedling Biometry of Knockout and Knockout Barley Lines under Ionizing Radiation.

The genes and play a regulatory role in cuticle organization in barley. A knockout (KO) of each gene may alter plant mechanisms of adaptation to adverse environmental conditions. A putative pleiotropic effect of or gene mutations in barley can be assessed in a series of experiments in the presence or absence of a provoking factor.

Developmental and hormonal regulation of Arabidopsis thaliana ornithine-delta-aminotransferase.

Ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) catalyzes transfer of the delta-amino group from L-ornithine to oxo-glutarate. In plants, this reaction biochemically connects urea cycle, proline cycle, and polyamine biosynthesis pathway. OAT activity is shown to be associated with biotic and abiotic stress responses and nitrogen metabolism, but its physiological role is still unclear.

Bifurcation analysis of multistability of synchronous states in the system of two delay-coupled oscillators.

Systems of mutually coupled oscillators with delay coupling are of great interest for various applications in electronics, laser physics, biophysics, etc. Time delay usually originates from the finite speed of propagation of the coupling signal. In this paper, we present the results of detailed bifurcation analysis of two delay-coupled limit-cycle (Landau-Stuart) oscillators.

Stochastic Memristive Interface for Neural Signal Processing.

We propose a memristive interface consisting of two FitzHugh-Nagumo electronic neurons connected via a metal-oxide (Au/Zr/ZrO(Y)/TiN/Ti) memristive synaptic device. We create a hardware-software complex based on a commercial data acquisition system, which records a signal generated by a presynaptic electronic neuron and transmits it to a postsynaptic neuron through the memristive device. We demonstrate, numerically and experimentally, complex dynamics, including chaos and different types of neural synchronization.

Neurohybrid Memristive CMOS-Integrated Systems for Biosensors and Neuroprosthetics.

Here we provide a perspective concept of neurohybrid memristive chip based on the combination of living neural networks cultivated in microfluidic/microelectrode system, metal-oxide memristive devices or arrays integrated with mixed-signal CMOS layer to control the analog memristive circuits, process the decoded information, and arrange a feedback stimulation of biological culture as parts of a bidirectional neurointerface. Our main focus is on the state-of-the-art approaches for cultivation and spatial ordering of the network of dissociated hippocampal neuron cells, fabrication of a large-scale cross-bar array of memristive devices tailored using device engineering, resistive state programming, or non-linear dynamics, as well as hardware implementation of spiking neural networks (SNNs) based on the arrays of memristive devices and integrated CMOS electronics. The concept represents an example of a brain-on-chip system belonging to a more general class of memristive neurohybrid systems for a new-generation robotics, artificial intelligence, and personalized medicine, discussed in the framework of the proposed roadmap for the next decade period.

Kmasker plants - a tool for assessing complex sequence space in plant species.

Many plant genomes display high levels of repetitive sequences. The assembly of these complex genomes using short high-throughput sequence reads is still a challenging task. Underestimation or disregard of repeat complexity in these datasets can easily misguide downstream analysis.

Optoelectronic system for brain neuronal network stimulation.

We propose an optoelectronic system for stimulation of living neurons. The system consists of an electronic circuit based on the FitzHugh-Nagumo model, an optical fiber, and a photoelectrical converter. We used this system for electrical stimulation of hippocampal living neurons in acute hippocampal brain slices (350-μm thick) obtained from a 20-28 days old C57BL/6 mouse or a Wistar rat.

[A role of genetic factors and related disorder of the folate cycle in ischemic stroke].

Aim: To study a role of MTHFR mutations and their associations with the disturbances of basic parameters of the folate cycle in the development of ischemic stroke (IS).

Material And Methods: Fifty-one post-stroke patients, 26 women and 25 men, aged from 29 to 87 years, were included in the study. The control group consisted of 47 healthy people, 23 women and 24 men, aged from 30 to 83 years.

[Prognostic criteria of rehabilitation of patients with ischemic stroke].

Aim: To identify prognostic criteria of the restoration of movement in patients after acute disturbance of cerebral blood circulation.

Material And Methods: Results of clinical examination of 82 patients after the acute disturbance of blood circulation in the left hemisphere were analyzed in the Center for Speech Pathology and Neurorehabilitation. The degree of hemiparesis was compared with disease history data, results of electroencephalography, ultrasound and transcranial dopplerography, computed tomography and biochemical study.

[Analysis of transcriptional activity of the ornithine-delta-aminotransferase gene promoter in Arabidopsis thaliana].

Cloning of the Arabidopsis thaliana genomic DNA fragment presumably corresponding to the promoter region of the ornithine-delta-aminotransferase (OAT) gene is reported. The reporter-gene construct, containing the Escherichia coli beta-glucouronidase gene under control of the OAT gene promoter was generated. The Nicotian tabacum SR1 transformants carrying this construct were obtained.

[Tobacco transformants expressing the Medicago truncatula ornithine aminotransferase cDNA].

The Medicago truncatula ornithine aminotransferase cDNA was cloned under the potent constitutive 35S RNA promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus and transferred into the genome of tobacco Nicotiana tabacum SR1 plants. Transformed tobacco plants grew better in salinity stress, but did not differ in proline content under normal or stress conditions from control plants. It was assumed that the role of ornithine aminotransferase in the molecular mechanisms of stress resistance is not associated with additional proline synthesis.

[Microbial contamination of Moscow dwelling rooms].

The rise of allergic diseases warrants an investigation of various environmental factors that are able to influence man negatively. By interacting with the human organism, bacteria and their decomposition products are well-known to stimulate different immunological reactions. The 24-month study has indicated that the total bacterial contamination of dust and the typical diversity of microbes depend on the season.