East-to-west human dispersal into Europe 1.4 million years ago.

Stone tools stratified in alluvium and loess at Korolevo, western Ukraine, have been studied by several research groups since the discovery of the site in the 1970s. Although Korolevo's importance to the European Palaeolithic is widely acknowledged, age constraints on the lowermost lithic artefacts have yet to be determined conclusively. Here, using two methods of burial dating with cosmogenic nuclides, we report ages of 1.

Intracortical Directed Connectivity for Information Retention in Visual-Spatial Working Memory.

A group of 27 healthy young adults solved a task involving the working memory (WM) activation, consisting of the comparison between the spatial orientations of two sequentially presented square-wave luminance gratings. We investigated the effective (directed) connectivity patterns between the frontal and postcentral cortical regions related to the visual system. The connectivity was assessed using vector autoregression modeling of EEG.

[Predictors for locoregional recurrence after radical prostatectomy].

An analysis of domestic and foreign literature on the predictors of prostate cancer recurrence are presented in the article. A deep analysis of both pathological and histological risk factors for progression was provided, as well as of laboratory and clinical predictors.

Facial emotion perception in young female students with subsyndromal panic disorder. Behavioral and ERP study.

This study aimed to examine the behavioral and neural correlates of facial emotion recognition in young women with subsyndromal panic disorder (SPD). In the experiment 15 non-medicated women with SPD and 17 matched healthy controls were tasked with recognizing angry, fearful, happy, and neutral facial expressions, and accuracy, reaction time (RT), and event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. Significant between-group differences in behavioral characteristics (accuracy of emotion recognition and RT) were not found, however, the SPD subjects demonstrated a slower response to fearful expressions compared to neutral and happy expressions.

[Simple renal cysts and peripelvic cysts].

The topic of renal cystic lesions is described in the article. The localization and structure of solitary, parapelvic and multiple sinus cysts are discussed. The Bosniak classification (1986) is presented, as well as the updated Bosniak classification, in which a number of modifications in 2019 were made.

[The peri-lymphatic labyrinthine fistula in a child].

The objective of the present work was to describe the successful surgical treatment of the peri-lymphatic round window fistula of the labyrinth in the 9 year old child. The authors briefly mention the difficulties of diagnostics of the peri-lymphatic labyrinthine fistulas in the children and the signs suggesting their presence with special reference to the optimal strategies for their treatment.

Working Memory for Low-Level Visual Features: Sensory Mechanisms for Detecting the Mismatch between the Current Orientations and Those Stored in Memory.

The amplitudes of the P100 and N150 early components of evoked potentials in the visual cortex have been analyzed on 33 volunteers with normal vision during matching between the current orientation and that stored in memory. An increase in the P100 response in the occipital and parietal cortical areas was identified as an informative indicator of mismatch between the current and stored-in-memory orientations. This effect was not found for more complex stimuli, namely, spatial patterns.

Examination of the structures of several glycerolipids from marine macroalgae by NMR and GC-MS.

Several classes of glycerolipids were isolated from the total lipids of the algae Saccharina cichorioides, Eualaria fistulosa, Fucus evanescens, Sargassum pallidum, Silvetia babingtonii (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae), Tichocarpus crinitus, and Neorhodomela larix (Rhodophyta, Florideophyceae). The structures of these lipids were examined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, including 1D ((1) H and (13) C) and 2D (COSY, HSQC and HMBC) experiments. All of the investigated algae included common galactolipids and sulfonoglycolipids as the major glycolipids.

[The Modeling of Human Visual ERPs Sources in the Task of Line Orientation Identification].

The high-resolution EEG was taken from 35 healthy subjects (16 males, 19 females) in the task of identification of cardinal (horizontal, vertical) and oblique (45°, 135°) orientations. The integrated approach was developed and used for the ERPs analysis. It includes the modeling of the distributed intracranial dipole sources of the ERPs' components by the weighted Minimum Norm Estimates (wMNE) method, the combination of distributed intracranial dipole sources with the M RI data and the statistical analysis of the current density.

[The Mechanisms of Orientation Sensitivity of Human Vision System. Part II: Neural Patterns of Early Processing of Information about Line Orientation].

The high density EEG was registered in 41 healthy subjects (20 males, 21 females) in the cardinal (horizontal and vertical) and oblique (45 and 135 deg) line orientation identification task. The analysis of the adaptive amplitude maximum (4 ms averaging) of P1 and N1 evoked potentials in the symmetrical occipital, parietal and inferior temporal areas and dipole source modelling showed the anisotropy of cortical responses in the 80-150 ms interval. The amplitude is higher on the oblique orientations as comparison with cardinal ones.

[Mechanisms of human orientation sensitivity of the vision system. Part I. Behavioral characteristics of human orientation sensitivity. Influence of task type, experimental conditions and gender].

Orientation sensitivity in human visual system was investigated in three experiments. In the first experiment 134 subjects were to determine the orientation of the segments of short lines, by "selecting" it from a set of reference orientations (Benton's test). In the second experiment 41 subject, which was chosen from participants of the first experiment, were to estimate the proximity of oblique lines to the vertical, horizontal, and 45° axis.

[Behavioral and ERP characteristics of recognition of complex images under forward masking. The influence of categorical similarity of target and masking stimuli].

In psychophysical (n = 55) and neurophysiological (n = 25) experiments subjects recognized the images from two categories--"animals" and "non-living objects" under forward masking. Subjects recognized images in two experimental conditions: the target and masking stimuli (SOA = 50 ms) belonged to same category and the stimuli belonged to different categories ("compatible" or "incompatible" pairs). It was found that an efficiency of forward masking depends on the categorical proximity the mask and the target stimuli.

[Biological activity of lipids and photosynthetic pigments of Sargassum pallidum C. Agardh].

The biological activity of lipids and photosynthetic pigments of the kelp Sargassum pallidum (Turner) C. Agardh has been studied. Free fatty acids and their esters demonstrated considerable antimicrobial activity against bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus[ital] and Escherichia coli), yeast-like fungi (Candida albicans), and opportunistic pathogenic (Aspergilius niger) and phytopathogenic (Fusarium oxysporum, and Septoria glycines) fungi.

[Non-conscious perception of emotional faces affects the visual objects recognition].

In 34 healthy subjects we have analyzed accuracy and reaction time (RT) during the recognition of complex visual images: pictures of animals and non-living objects. The target stimuli were preceded by brief presentation of masking non-target ones, which represented drawings of emotional (angry, fearful, happy) or neutral faces. We have revealed that in contrast to accuracy the RT depended on the emotional expression of the preceding faces.

[Recognition of visual objects under forward masking. Effects of cathegorial similarity of test and masking stimuli].

In 38 healthy subjects accuracy and response time were examined during recognition of two categories of images--animals andnonliving objects--under forward masking. We revealed new data that masking effects depended of categorical similarity of target and masking stimuli. The recognition accuracy was the lowest and the response time was the most slow, when the target and masking stimuli belongs to the same category, that was combined with high dispersion of response times.

[Gender related strategies of visual-spatial task performance].

In 31 subjects (16 men and 15 women) in model of the gender differences the brain mechanisms of two different strategies of visual-spatial tasks performance were studied. Although we did not find gender differences in the performing of visual-construction task the pattern of evoked activity was unequal in men and women. In men the early answer of the parietal cortex was related with spatial transformation of figure: the more was rotation of figures details, the more was amplitude of P1 wave.

[Recognition of the spatially transformed objects in men and women: an analysis of the behavior and evoked potentials].

In 16 men and 15 women analyzed the accuracy, reaction time and visual evoked potentials during the recognition of familiar objects at different levels of spatial transformation. We used the three levels of transformation: in a fixed position relative to each other details were carried out (1) the displacement of all the details in the radial direction and (2 and 3) a similar shift in conjunction with the rotation of all the details of the figure by +/- 0-45 and +/- 45-90 degrees. The task performance was not dependent on gender: the transformation of the image led to a deterioration of identification with the most identification impairment in the case of maximal details' rotation.

Gender differences in the recognition of spatially transformed figures: behavioral data and event-related potentials (ERPs).

The gender differences in accuracy, reaction time (RT) and amplitude of the early P1 and N1 components of ERPs during recognition of previously memorized objects after their spatial transformation were examined. We used three levels of the spatial transformation: a displacement of object details in radial direction, and a displacement in combination with rotation of the details by ±0° to 45° and ±45° to 90°. The accuracy and the RT data showed a similarity of task performance in males and females.

Rhenium ion beam for implantation into semiconductors.

At the ion source test bench in Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics the program of ion source development for semiconductor industry is in progress. In framework of the program the Metal Vapor Vacuum Arc ion source for germanium and rhenium ion beam generation was developed and investigated. It was shown that at special conditions of ion beam implantation it is possible to fabricate not only homogenous layers of rhenium silicides solid solutions but also clusters of this compound with properties of quantum dots.

[Antimicrobic and hemolytic activity of low-molecular metabolits of brown seaweed Laminaria cichorioides Miyabe].

Antimicrobial and hemolytic activity of ethanol extract of brown seaweed Laminaria cichorioides Miyabe, its lipophilic fractions, various classes of substances of lipophilic fraction, such as chlorophylls, fucoxanthin, monogalactosyldiacylglycerols, digalactosyldiacylglycerols, sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols, and fatty acids were investigated. The antimicrobial activity was studied by means of yeast cells Safale S-04 and Candida albicans CMM 455, fungi Aspergillus niger CMM 4634 and Fusarium oxysporum CMM 4639, bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 21027 (gram-positive) and Escherichia coli ATCC 15034 (gram-negative) which demonstrated selective sensitivity to the studied substances. Hemolytic activity was investigated at concentrations of substances in the range of 0.

ITEP MEVVA ion beam for rhenium silicide production.

The rhenium silicides are very attractive materials for semiconductor industry. In the Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP) at the ion source test bench the research program of rhenium silicide production by ion beam implantation are going on. The investigation of silicon wafer after implantation of rhenium ion beam with different energy and with different total dose were carried out by secondary ions mass spectrometry, energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis, and x-ray diffraction analysis.

[Biological activity of metabolites of the herb Kalanchoe diagremontania (Hamet de la Bbathie) Jacobs et Perr].

In this study we investigated the hemolytic, antimicrobial, and phytoregulatory activity of various classes of lipids (triacylglycerols, free fatty acids (FFA), the glyceroglycolipids monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG), sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG)), sterols, all of them were obtained from the medical herb Kalanchoe diagremontiana, and also pigments, phenolic compounds (FC), polysaccharides, and ethanol extract (EE) of the herbal. It was established that EE, FC, FFA, and sterols display pH-dependent membranothropic activity. FFA showed antimicrobial activity and stimulated growth of buckwheat stalk sprouts.

Effect of PAR1 agonist on acetylcholine secretion in a newly formed neuromuscular synapse in mice.

Peptide agonist of PARI in a concentration of 10 microM significantly facilitated neuromuscular transmission in newly formed synapses in mice. The absence of changes in the amplitude of miniature end-plate potentials attests to presynaptic mechanism of the effect of PAR1 agonist. The effect of the peptide was blocked by protein kinase A inhibitor H89 (1 microM).