Neck Circumference Cut-Off Points for Identifying Adiposity: Association with Chronic Metabolic Diseases in Older People.

Background: The leading cause of death in older people is cardiovascular diseases. Several studies have found that neck circumference (NC) is a simple anthropometric marker associated with adiposity. The aim of this study is to estimate and validate NC cut-off points as adiposity markers and analyze their association with cardiovascular and chronic metabolic diseases in older people.

[Feverphobia: Frecuency and related factors associated].

Introduction: Fever is common in childhood and there is a high level of concern on behalf of caregivers to manage it, this is called "feverphobia".

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the presence of feverphobia and associated factors in the study population. Methods: observational, cross-sectional, prospective, and analytical study during 2021 to 2022 through an ad hoc survey self-administered to parents and/or caregivers of patients under 6 years of age who consulted the emergency room of the Dr.

Socio-Spatial Segregation of Unhealthy Food Environments across Public Schools in Santiago, Chile.

Santiago, Chile is a very segregated city, with higher childhood obesity rates observed in vulnerable areas. We compared the counts and proximity of unhealthy food outlets (UFOs) around a 400 m buffer of 443 public schools (municipal and subsidized) located in socioeconomically diverse neighborhoods in 14 municipalities of Santiago. This was a cross-sectional study in which the socioeconomic status (SES) of the population living inside the buffer was classified as middle-high, middle, and low.

[Childhood obesity risk index (IROBIC) for small administrative areas in Chile].

Introduction: although the prevalence of childhood obesity (CO) is high globally, there are no composite indices to estimate territorial aspects associated with its risk Objective: to develop an obesity risk index (IROBIC) for small administrative units, called "comunas" in Chile Methods: we used 2019 data from public sources on children under 10 years living in "comunas" of the two largest regions. IROBIC includes 16 indicators standardized for each "comuna" and grouped together into four domains, determined by principal component analysis (health, socio-economic, built-in and educational environments). IROBIC was calculated as a weighted geometric mean.

Validity of the neck circumference for the diagnosis of obesity in school children living at high altitude.

Background: body mass index (BMI) is commonly used to diagnose overweight and obesity, and waist circumference (WC) is used to estimate visceral fat. The measurement of WC is demanding, therefore, different studies proposed the use of neck perimeter. Objective: exploring diagnostic validity of neck perimeter to diagnose overweight and obesity in 10-12 years old children in La Paz (Bolivia).

Risk of vitamin D deficit in asthmatic children hospitalized in the north area of Santiago.

Introduction: in recent years asthma hospitalization rate in Chilean children has doubled. Numerous studies have shown an association between hypovitaminosis D and frequent, severe asthmatic exacerbations in children. Objective: to estimate the risk of vitamin D (vitD) deficiency and insufficiency in hospitalized asthmatic children compared with patients who are monitored on an outpatient basis and do not have records of hospitalization in one year.

Cross-sectional association between physical fitness and cardiometabolic risk in Chilean schoolchildren: the fat but fit paradox.

Background: Previous studies have examined the "fat but fit" paradox, revealing that greater levels of physical fitness may diminish the harmful consequences of excess weight on cardiometabolic risk. Despite the above, specific information about the "fat but fit" paradox in prepuberal population is scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between cardiometabolic risk across (individual and combined) physical fitness and excess weight status and whether the "fat but fit" paradox is met in the sample of schoolchildren analyzed.

The Chilean Diet: Is It Sustainable?

Food systems are one of the main contributors to climate change. Sustainable diets are one strategy to mitigate climate change. Assessments and estimations at a national level are lacking, especially in the Global South, probably due to a lack of national surveys of food consumption and a limited interest in sustainable diets information.

[Psychomotor development trajectories according to nutritional status in breastfed children].

Objective: To describe psychomotor development (PMD) trajectories and nutrition in children fed with breastfeeding (BF) and to evaluate possible associations.

Subjects And Method: Prospective co hort of full-term infants, without known pathologies, fed with BF. The intake of BF was evaluated with an isotopic technique at three months.

[What is currently known about the baby-led weaning method-BLW?].

The most used method for starting complementary feeding is the parents-led weaning with foods of puree consistency; however, in recent years, the Baby-Led Weaning (BLW) has been positioning itself as a new method of choice, in which the baby guides the feeding process. The BLW presents benefits recognized mainly by mothers who implement the method, among which are the integration of the baby into family meals, greater autonomy, and less food selectivity. On the other hand, health professionals, despite recognizing its advantages, tend to be a little more reluctant to recommend the method, expressing concern about a possible deficit in energy and nutrients intake, risk of choking, and delayed growth.

Handgrip strength cut-off points for early detection of cardiometabolic risk in Chilean children.

The aim of this study was to determine whether handgrip strength is associated with cardiometabolic risk in children. The secondary aim was to establish sex-specific handgrip strength cut-off points for early detection of cardiometabolic risk. A total sample of 452 Chilean children (267 girls and 185 boys) aged 7-9 years old was analyzed.

Anthropometric and bioimpedance equations for fat and fat-free mass in Chilean children 7-9 years of age.

Assessing children's growth adequately is important due to the necessary prevention of adequate body composition, especially at pre-pubertal age. Simpler measurements such as anthropometry or bioimpedance, using equations validated in Caucasian children, have been demonstrated to overestimate or underestimate fat mass percentage (FM%) or fat-free mass (FFM) in Chilean children. In a sample of 424 children (198 boys and 226 girls) of 7-9 years old, the three component (3C) model was assessed, where total body water was determined by 2H dilution and body volume by air displacement plethysmography, in order to design and validate anthropometry and bioimpedance equations.

[Nutritional risk to pediatric internation (pilot study).].

Background: Malnutrition at admission of paediatric hospitalization is a risk factor for negative evolution and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The main objective was to learn about the frequency of malnutrition and undernourishment as well as the nutritional risk at hospital admission, through a sample of paediatric patients.

Material And Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional was taken, chosen from long term patients in Hospital Dr.

Is neck circumference an appropriate tool to predict cardiovascular risk in clinical practice? A cross-sectional study in Chilean population.

Objectives: Neck circumference has emerged as a predictor of obesity and metabolic syndrome, but its clinical usefulness for different groups of population is not clearly defined. The aim is to evaluate the predictive capacity of neck circumference in order to detect cardiovascular risks (CVRs) on the Chilean population and to compare it with waist circumference performance.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

[Psychomotor development and cortisol salivary levels in infants that live with their inmate mothers].

Introduction: In Chile, the prison system has a program that allows inmate mothers to live with their children un der two years of age. This could imply that these children are more exposed to stress conditions and a higher psychomotor developmental delay (PDD) risk.

Objective: To compare the PDD and salivary cortisol concentrations (SCC) of children living in prison with their mothers and to compare the results with control children.

Bone mineral density, lung function, vitamin D and body composition in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis: a multicenter study.

Background: cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common inherited disease in Caucasian population. Nowadays, long survival has led to the emergence of new complications, such as CF bone disease (CFBD), which is characterized by increased fracture risk.

Objectives: evaluate the association of bone mineral density (BMD) with lung function and BMD with 25-hydroxivitamin D (25OHD) plasmatic levels in children/adolescents with CF.

[Association of physical activity and dietary habits with overweight in fertile Chilean women].

Background: Women in Chile are mainly responsible in the formation of eating habits in the population, particularly at their homes.

Aim: To explore the association of physical activity and alimentary habits with overweight among adult Chilean women in fertile age.

Material And Methods: Cross sectional study using the data from de National Health Survey 2009-2010.

[Breastfeeding indicators produced at time of vaccination in four Primary Care Centres in southern Santiago, Chile].

Objectives: To compare official breastfeeding (BF) data with those obtained by interviews conducted during regular vaccination visits.

Subjects And Method: A pilot descriptive study with convenience sampling was conducted by interviewing guardians of children attending vaccination in four Primary Care Centres in south Santiago. BF prevalence indicators were calculated and stratified by age and education of mothers.

Treatment and prevention of malnutrition in Latin America: focus on Chile and Bolivia.

Seven million children under 5 years of age died worldwide in 2011, and one-third had malnutrition. Latin America and Caribbean countries stand out for the notable improvement of their health and nutrition situation, particularly in pregnant women and young children. Nutrition-sensitive interventions such as promoting food security, women's empowerment, social safety nets, clean water, and sanitation, among others, are critical for success.