Gut microbiota in preterm infants receiving breast milk or mixed feeding.

Background: Preterm birth is the leading cause of mortality in newborns, with very-low-birth-weight infants usually experiencing several complications. Breast milk is considered the gold standard of nutrition, especially for preterm infants with delayed gut colonization, because it contains beneficial microorganisms, such as and .

Aim: To analyze the gut microbiota of breastfed preterm infants with a birth weight of 1500 g or less.

Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein: markers in the early diagnosis of anastomotic leak.

Objective: To determine the efficacy of serum procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the early diagnosis of anastomotic leak (AL) in patients undergoing colorectal surgery.

Method: Diagnostic test in a tertiary care hospital. Patients who did not have preoperative measurements of PCT and CRP were excluded.

p16 and pRb expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma with and without infection by EBV or different genotypes of HPV: a retrospective study.

Background: Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) represents one of the principal tumors of the head and neck. Human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are considered risk factors for the development and the clinical prognosis of LSCC. High levels of p16 are suggested as a surrogate marker of HPV or EBV infection in some head and neck tumors but in LSCC is still controversial.

Factores asociados a sobrevida a un año en pacientes postoperados de glioblastoma.

Objective: To identify factors associated with one-year survival in postoperative glioblastoma patients at a hospital in northeastern Mexico.

Material And Methods: Nested case-control study. Patients operated on for glioblastoma between 2016-2019 were included.

Frontal penetrating arrow injury: A case report.

Background: Penetrating arrow injuries of the head and neck are exceedingly rare in pediatric patients. This pathology has high morbidity and mortality because of the presence of vital organs, the airway, and large vessels. Therefore, the treatment and removal of an arrow is a challenge that requires multidisciplinary management.

Association of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia immunohistochemical profile with acinar adenocarcinoma of the prostate.

Background: Prostate carcinoma is the second leading cause of cancer and the fifth cause of cancer death in men worldwide.

Objective: To know high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostate acinar adenocarcinoma immunohistochemical profiles.

Material And Methods: Observational, analytical, cross-sectional, retrospective study of specimens obtained by cutting needle biopsy and prostate resection from subjects diagnosed with acinar adenocarcinoma of the prostate and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia between January 2015 and December 2020.

[Association of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia immunohistochemical profile with acinar adenocarcinoma of the prostate].

Background: Prostate carcinoma is the second leading cause of cancer and the fifth cause of cancer death in men worldwide.

Objective: To know high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostate acinar adenocarcinoma immunohistochemical profiles.

Material And Methods: Observational, analytical, cross-sectional, retrospective study of specimens obtained by cutting needle biopsy and prostate resection from subjects diagnosed with acinar adenocarcinoma of the prostate and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia between January 2015 and December 2020.

Common bile duct diameter by age groups in adult patients without bile duct pathology.

Objective: To determine the average value of the diameter of the common bile duct by age group in adult patients without bile duct pathology.

Method: A cross-sectional, observational, descriptive and prospective study in adults without bile duct pathology who underwent abdominal ultrasound. The internal diameter of the common bile duct was measured after questioning.

[Perception of the staff in training on patient's safety during the COVID-19 pandemic].

Background: The recent pandemic has presented several challenges in relation to patient safety with the increase of cognitive, depressive and anxiety symptoms in health workers due to the fear of being infected from COVID-19.

Objective: To determine the relationship between anxiety, depression and fear of COVID-19, with the perception of the patient safety environment in medical residents.

Material And Methods: Observational, cross-sectional, prospective and analytical study.

Genomic analysis of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance of group B Streptococcus isolated from pregnant women in northeastern Mexico.

Introduction: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) causes infections in women during pregnancy and puerperium and invasive infections in newborns. The genes lmb, cylE, scpB, and hvgA are involved with increased virulence of GBS, and hypervirulent clones have been identified in different regions. In addition, increasing resistance of GBS to macrolides and lincosamides has been reported, so knowing the patterns of antibiotic resistance may be necessary to prevent and treat GBS infections.

Cervicovaginal and rectal colonization by group B Streptococci in Mexican women with full-term pregnancies.

Background: A pregnant woman rectally or vaginally colonized by group B Streptococcus can infect her newborn.

Patients And Methods: Prospective, cross-sectional, analytical 24-month study in pregnant women. Women in labor with ≥ 36 weeks of gestation were included.

[Dispositivo de protección durante procedimientos generadores de aerosoles. A propósito de la pandemia de COVID-19].

Al editor: En diciembre de 2019, la ciudad de Wuhan, China, se convirtió en el centro de una epidemia de neumonía de causa desconocida con implicaciones globales, pero no fue hasta enero de 2020 que los científicos chinos identificaron a un nuevo coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) como el causante, y debido a su elevada contagiosidad la enfermedad se convirtió en pandemia.

Infection and coinfection by human papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus and Merkel cell polyomavirus in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx: a retrospective study.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is recognized as an important risk factor for laryngeal carcinogenesis. Although HPV-16 and 18 have been strongly implicated, the presence of other high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) genotypes or the coinfection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPV) may increase the risk, but their etiological association has not been definitively established.

Methods: We characterized the genotype-specific HPV and the frequency of EBV and MCPV infections through the detection of their DNA in 195 laryngeal specimens of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) histologically confirmed.

[Prevalencia y genotipos del virus del papiloma humano en muestras de tejido laríngeo de pacientes con cáncer de laringe del noreste de México].

Antecedentes: El cáncer de laringe representa el 21.7% de las neoplasias malignas de vías aerodigestivas superiores. La prevalencia del virus del papiloma humano (VPH) en el cáncer de laringe oscila entre el 0 y el 80%.

Clinical and dosimetric factors associated with the development of hematologic toxicity in locally advanced cervical cancer treated with chemotherapy and 3D conformal radiotherapy.

Aim: To identify clinical and dosimetric factors associated with the development of hematologic toxicity (HT) for cervical cancer (CC) treated with chemotherapy and 3D conformal radiotherapy.

Background: Chemoradiotherapy is the standard of care management for CC patients with IB2-IVA clinical stages (CS). This treatment carries toxicities, standing out the one that occurs at the hematologic level.

Asociación de la hemorragia prerretiniana con la presencia y la gravedad de la retinopatía del prematuro en pacientes de alto riesgo.

Objective: To assess whether preretinal hemorrhage (PRH) is associated with the presence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in high-risk patients.

Method: Prospective cohort study, patients referred to the Department of Ophthalmology for ROP screening during October-November 2016 were evaluated weekly on 4 occasions to assess the relationship with PRH and the development of ROP as well as degree of severity associated. We used absolute, median frequencies with minimum and maximum values, χ test and Mann-Whitney U-test, as well as relative risk with 95% confidence interval.

Alteraciones puberales en adolescentes con leucemia en fase de vigilancia.

Objective: To evaluate which factors are associated with alterations in pubertal development in pediatric patients with leukemia in the surveillance phase.

Method: A case-control study was carried out, including patients aged 8-14 years with diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia under surveillance. Demographic data were collected, age at diagnosis, type of leukemia, risk of leukemia, duration and type of treatment received, time of surveillance phase; and pubertal development was assessed by Tanner stage, bone age, pelvic ultrasound for women, and LH levels.

[Knowledge and attitude towards organ donation of medicine students of a Northwestern Mexico public university].

Objective: To evaluate the knowledge and attitude towards organ donation of medicine students of a Northwestern Mexico public university.

Materials And Methods: A prolective, descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional study. A 34 items cross-sectional survey evaluating knowledge and attitude towards organ donation in 3,056 medicine students during 2013-2015.

[Group B streptococcal perinatal infection: A Global, Latin American and Mexican Overview].

Group B streptococci (Streptococcus agalactiae) cause a number of infections in women during pregnancy and postpartum, such as urinary tract infection, chorioamnionitis and endometritis, consequently may affect the newborn. Group B streptococci is the most common cause of severe infections in newborns in developed countries. Studies on the epidemiology of group B streptococci infections in Latin America are still limited.

[Assessment of antibiotic use and impact of an intervention intended to modify the prescribing behavior in surgical prophylaxis in 6hospitals in the metropolitan area of Monterrey, Mexico].

Background: Improper use of antibiotics increases antimicrobial resistance.

Objective: Evaluate the use of antibiotics and the impact of an intervention designed to improve antibiotic prescription for surgical prophylaxis in 6 hospitals of Monterrey, Mexico.

Material And Methods: Design: A prospective multicenter survey and a pretest-postest experimental study.

Mutations Related to Antiretroviral Resistance Identified by Ultra-Deep Sequencing in HIV-1 Infected Children under Structured Interruptions of HAART.

Although Structured Treatment Interruptions (STI) are currently not considered an alternative strategy for antiretroviral treatment, their true benefits and limitations have not been fully established. Some studies suggest the possibility of improving the quality of life of patients with this strategy; however, the information that has been obtained corresponds mostly to studies conducted in adults, with a lack of knowledge about its impact on children. Furthermore, mutations associated with antiretroviral resistance could be selected due to sub-therapeutic levels of HAART at each interruption period.

[Zoledronic acid (zoledronate) in children with osteogenesis imperfecta].

Introduction: Zoledronic acid or zo/edronate is a potent bisphosphonate that recently has been used in children with osteoporosis and osteogenesis imperfecta (01), so it could be an option in the treatment of children with this terrible disease that virtually condemns them to a life of pain and prostration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and biochemical conditions of pediatric patients with 01 before and after treatment with zo /edronate.

Results: We included 14 patients, median age six years (6 months to 14 years), eight (57.

[Evolution of pediatric patients with liver transplantation in a tertiary care hospital in northeast country].

Introduction: Liver transplantation is indicated for the treatment of pediatric patients with progressive liver disease in which an expected survival of less than a year would be achieved with the transplant. The aim of this study was to determine the evolution of pediatric liver transplant patients in a tertiary care hospital in the northeast country.

Results: Twelve patients subjected to liver transplantation included nine females and three males; one case required retransplantation.

[Reference Intervals for total triiodothyronine (TT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyrotropin (TSH) by chemiluminescence immunoassay in children younger than six years old from northeastern Mexico].

Background: Reference values according to age groups for each population are needed for the diagnosis and follow-up of pediatric patients with thyroid diseases. Such values are unknown for Mexican infants and children younger than six years.

Objective: To determine the reference values of total TT3, FT4 and TSH by chemiluminescence immunoassay in infants and children younger than six year old in Northeastern Mexico.

[Hepatic steatosis (HS) as a factor associated with the presence of metabolic risk in schoolchildren and obese adolescents].

Introduction: One of the complications associated with obesity is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is defined as an excessive accumulation of fat in hepatocytes, and is characterized by chronic elevation of aminotransferases and ultrasonographic abnormalities (increased echogenicity). In the USA it is now the most common liver disease. Prevalence is around 15-25% in the general population, and this increases to 57.