The Role of Workload Management in Injury Prevention, Athletic, and Academic Performance in the Student-Athlete.

Workload plays important roles in sports-related injury and athletic performance by influencing exposure to external injury risk factors and potential events, promoting changes in fitness level, which involves positive adaptations to training that may lead to improved performance, and/or stimulating fatigue which leads to negative effects in the body that may increase the risk of injury and negatively affect performance. In addition to the physical stress and significant time required for practice and training, student athletes also face subjective stressors. The total workload affects injury risk, but acute changes or spikes in external and/or internal loads seem to affect injury risk the most.

Implications of the Gut Microbiome in Sports.

Context: Two-thirds of an individual's gut microbiota is unique and influenced by dietary and exercise habits, age, sex, genetics, ethnicity, antibiotics, health, and disease. It plays important roles in nutrient and vitamin metabolism, inflammatory modulation, immune system function, and overall health of an individual. Specifically, in sports it may help decrease recovery time and improve athletic performance.

Recommendations for Enhancing Sports Medicine Fellowship Training.

Physical medicine and rehabilitation-trained physicians are increasingly interested in caring for patients with musculoskeletal and sports disorders. Sports medicine fellowships are designed to provide competency in sports medicine and musculoskeletal care. The authors, with endorsement from the Association of Academic Physiatrists, provide a framework and tools that Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education accredited sports medicine fellowship programs can use to enhance and meet the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education program requirements.