The safety of BCG revaccination in the context of COVID-19.

The bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is administered in many countries as part of their vaccination schedules. Epidemiologic studies have suggested a possible benefit of this vaccine in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and other respiratory infections. We aimed to assess the safety of this intervention in BCG-primed adults.

Retinal Microvascular Density and Perfusion during an Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia Episode: A Warning Call.

Aim: To evaluate retinal vascular perfusion and density by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) before, during, and after hypoglycemia in individuals with diabetes mellitus with or without diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods: A focused clinical history was performed, followed by an ophthalmological examination to document retinopathy status. OCTA was performed at baseline, at hypoglycemia, and at glucose normalization.

Effects of Sleep Deprivation, Non-Dominant Hand Employment, Caffeine and Alcohol Intake During Surgical Performance: Lessons Learned From the Retina Eyesi Virtual Reality Surgical Simulator.

Purpose: Determine whether real-life surgical experience correlates with scores on a retina virtual simulator and the effects of various challenges on surgical performance.

Methods: The study was performed using the Eyesi Surgical Simulator, a virtual reality retina surgical simulator. Residents, fellows, and retina staff were assessed on surgical simulations to determine surgical skills.

Treatment burden and perceptions of glucose-lowering therapy among people living with diabetes.

Aims: Address treatment burden and general perceptions of pharmacological treatment in patients with diabetes.

Methods: We surveyed adult patients with diabetes cared for in a tertiary academic medical center about: i) knowledge about the impact of glucose-lowering medication use on diabetes control and complications, ii) common beliefs about natural medicine and insulin use, iii) attitudes towards glucose-lowering medications, iv) burden of treatment, v) general knowledge of diabetes pharmacological treatment, and vi) perceptions of shared decision-making.

Results: Two hundred-four participants completed the survey.

Autofluorescence indexes as biomarkers for antiangiogenic loading dose outcome in diabetic macular edema.

Purpose: To evaluate the combination of fundus autofluorescence results with several clinical and structural variables into mathematical indexes to enhance their ability to predict visual and anatomical changes after the antivascular endothelial growth factor loading dose.

Methods: Patients with diabetic macular edema were enrolled. Each patient had a comprehensive ophthalmological examination, contrast sensitivity, optical coherence tomography, and fundus autofluorescence assessment.

VITRECTOMY + TRANSSCLERAL DIODE LASER CYCLOPEXY TREATMENT FOR 360° TRAUMATIC CYCLODIALYSIS AND HYPOTONY MACULOPATHY: CASE REPORT.

Background/purpose: To report a surgical approach of combined vitrectomy, gas endotamponade, and transscleral diode laser cyclopexy treatment for hypotony maculopathy induced by traumatic cyclodialysis.

Methods: A case of a 37-year-old male patient with decreased vision in his right eye because of hypotony maculopathy and 360° traumatic cyclodialysis is reported. Patient was initially treated conservatively with topical steroid + cycloplegic eye drops and repeated periocular corticosteroid injections with no improvement in the intraocular pressure and the anatomical defect.

Shovel and Cut Technique: Beveled Vitrectomy Probes to Address Diabetic Tractional Retinal Detachments.

Purpose: To describe a surgical technique using the structural advantages of beveled tip cutters.

Methods: The introduction of beveled tips has been one of the few modifications that have been performed to vitrectomy probes since first described by Machemer in 1972. Shovel and cut technique uses this incredible modification to access tighter planes and remove broad diabetic membranes.

Optimizing Visual Performance With Digitally Assisted Vitreoretinal Surgery.

Background And Objective: Evaluate depth of field (DOF) and lateral resolution (LR) on digitally assisted vitreoretinal surgery (DAVS) with different camera aperture values and TV viewing distances to determine maximal optical performance.

Patients And Methods: Five retinal surgeons objectively evaluated DOF and LR at low (10×), medium (15×), and high (20×) magnification on a conventional microscope (CM) and DAVS. DAVS was evaluated at different camera apertures (30%, 50%, and 75%) and TV viewing distances (1.

Oxymetazoline: reduction of subconjunctival hemorrhage incidence after intravitreal injections.

Objective: Subconjunctival hemorrhage (SCH) is an important minor side effect that might affect patient compliance to antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) intravitreal injection treatment (IVI). We sought to compare SCH incidence and pain score responses after topical oxymetazoline in naïve patients undergoing a single IVI of ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema.

Methods: Prospective, randomized, double-blinded, single centre study.

Posterior polar annular choroidal dystrophy association with cystoid macular edema.

Posterior polar annular choroidal dystrophy (PPACD) is an uncommon retinal dystrophy causing nyctalopia. PPACD has been characteristically described as a foveal sparing dystrophy. We report the first case with cystoid macular edema association.

ECTOPIC INNER FOVEAL LAYER CLASSIFICATION SCHEME PREDICTS VISUAL OUTCOMES AFTER EPIRETINAL MEMBRANE SURGERY.

Purpose: To evaluate the ectopic inner foveal layer (EIFL) staging scheme as a visual prognostic factor for patients undergoing epiretinal membrane (ERM) surgery.

Methods: Retrospective study of 88 pseudophakic patients with diagnosis of idiopathic ERM who underwent ERM surgery with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Preoperative and postoperative EIFL staging was correlated with the final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).

Participants' awareness of ethical compliance, safety and protection during participation in pharmaceutical industry clinical trials: a controlled survey.

Background: The rapid increase of industry-sponsored clinical research towards developing countries has led to potentially complex ethical issues to assess. There is scarce evidence about the perception of these participants about the ethical compliance, security, and protection. We sought to evaluate and contrast the awareness and perception of participants and non-participants of industry-sponsored research trials (ISRT) on ethical, safety, and protection topics.

Topical steroids: A non-surgical approach for recurrent macular holes.

Purpose: Report a case of a recurrent macular hole which completely resolved with a non-surgical approach with steroid drops.

Observations: While traction is considered the mayor contributor to full thickness macular hole formation, retinal hydration as that in cystoid macular edema also plays an important role.

Conclusions And Importance: Topical corticosteroid drops can be considered as an alternative therapy for small recurrent macular holes that lack tractional components and have an appearance of cystoid changes on the edges of the hole.

Sub-hyaloid and sub-internal limiting membrane macular hemorrhage after laser exposure at music festival: a case report.

Purpose: To describe the first case of a combined sub-hyaloid and sub-internal limiting membrane macular hemorrhage after recreational laser exposure.

Methods: A 23-year-old patient presented with an acute loss of vision in his right eye (OD) immediately after a brief exposure to a laser beam at a music festival. Color photography, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) were performed for diagnosis and follow-up.

Single-Spot Yellow Laser Versus Conventional Green Laser on Panretinal Photocoagulation: Patient Pain Scores and Preferences.

Background And Objective: Panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) is the mainstay therapy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Pain during and after its application is a complication that affects patients' therapeutic adherence. This study aimed to compare pain perception and patient preference for the 577-nm yellow laser (YL-577) (LIGHTL as 577; LIGHTMED, San Clemente, CA) and the conventional 532-nm green laser (GL-532) (Purepoint Laser; Alcon, Fort Worth, TX) with PRP.

Riley-Day Syndrome in a Hispanic Infant of Non-Jewish Ashkenazi Descent.

Riley-Day syndrome is an autosomal recessive sensory and autonomic neuropathy. Patients present a lack of fungiform papilla, alacrima and usually feeding difficulties. It is present almost exclusively in Ashkenazi Jewish individuals and has a poor prognosis.

Glucocorticoid functional reserve in full-spectrum intensity of primary hypothyroidism.

Adrenal function might be impaired in patients with primary hypothyroidism. The objective was to evaluate adrenocortical function using the low-dose cosyntropin test in patients with primary hypothyroidism. Consequently a prospective, longitudinal, controlled study of sixty adult patients with primary hypothyroidism was carried out.

Hemoglobin A1c: a reliable and accurate test for diabetes care? A prospective study in Mexico.

Objective: To compare the concordance correlation coefficient for HbA1c results in an in-field experience.

Materials And Methods: A prospective study in Monterrey, Mexico from April to August 2012 was conducted to evaluate the day-to-day clinical situation when measuring HbA1c. Blood samples from 38 consecutive patients were sent to seven local laboratories and one international reference laboratory.

Dacryops in the setting of a Boston type II keratoprosthesis.

Dacryops of the lacrimal tissue can develop under diverse circumstances. Recent evidence suggests that scarring or obstruction of the lacrimal ducts may lead to their dilatation and formation of a cystic structure. Patients who undergo repeated orbital surgery may therefore be at greater risk of dacryops formation.

Hepatoprotective effect of commercial herbal extracts on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in Wistar rats.

Background: Various hepatoprotective herbal products from plants are available in Mexico, where up to 85% of patients with liver disease use some form of complementary and alternative medicine. However, only few studies have reported on the biological evaluation of these products.

Objective: Using a model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, we evaluated the effects of commercial herbal extracts used most commonly in the metropolitan area of Monterrey, Mexico.

Hyperglycemia related to high-dose glucocorticoid use in noncritically ill patients.

Background: Glucocorticoids commonly cause drug-induced diabetes. This association is well recognized but available evidence does not answer clinically relevant issues in subjects without diabetes.

Methods: Thirty-five individuals without diabetes with a recent diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma on high-dose glucocorticoid therapy were studied.