Metabolic features of neutrophilic differentiation of HL-60 cells in hyperglycemic environments.

Introduction: Chronic hyperglycemia affects neutrophil functions, leading to reduced pathogen killing and increased morbidity. This impairment has been directly linked to increased glycemia, however, how this specifically affects neutrophils metabolism and their differentiation in the bone marrow is unclear and difficult to study.

Research Design And Methods: We used high-resolution respirometry to investigate the metabolism of resting and activated donor neutrophils, and flow cytometry to measure surface CD15 and CD11b expression.

Placental mitochondrial impairment and its association with maternal metabolic dysfunction.

The placenta plays an essential role in pregnancy, leading to proper fetal development and growth. As an organ with multiple physiological functions for both mother and fetus, it is a highly energetic and metabolically demanding tissue. Mitochondrial physiology plays a crucial role in the metabolism of this organ and thus any alteration leading to mitochondrial dysfunction has a severe outcome in the development of the fetus.

Distinguishing pathophysiological features of heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction: A comparative analysis of two mouse models.

Heart failure (HF) is a heterogeneous condition that can be categorized according to the left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) into HF with reduced (HFrEF) or preserved (HFpEF) EF. Although HFrEF and HFpEF share some common clinical manifestations, the mechanisms underlying each phenotype are often found to be distinct. Identifying shared and divergent pathophysiological features might expand our insights on HF pathophysiology and assist the search for therapies for each HF subtype.

Mitochondrial Ca Uniporter-Dependent Energetic Dysfunction Drives Hypertrophy in Heart Failure.

The role of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) in energy dysfunction and hypertrophy in heart failure (HF) remains unknown. In angiotensin II (ANGII)-induced hypertrophic cardiac cells we have shown that hypertrophic cells overexpress MCU and present bioenergetic dysfunction. However, by silencing MCU, cell hypertrophy and mitochondrial dysfunction are prevented by blocking mitochondrial calcium overload, increase mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, and activation of nuclear factor kappa B-dependent hypertrophic and proinflammatory signaling.

Previous cardiovascular injury is a prerequisite for immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated lethal myocarditis in mice.

Aims: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are antineoplastic drugs designed to activate the immune system's response against cancer cells. Evidence suggests that they may lead to immune-related adverse events, particularly when combined (e.g.

Exploring the mechanisms underlying stroke volume variability reduction in a murine model of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is accompanied by disregulation of cardiovascular function. Heart rate variability (HRV) is commonly used to assess autonomic dysfunction in HFrEF. However, analysis of stroke volume variability (SVV) may provide additional insights.

Cellular shortening and calcium dynamics are improved by noisy stimulus in a model of cardiomyopathy.

Noise is present in cell biology. The capability of cells to respond to noisy environment have become essential. This study aimed to investigate whether noise can enhance the contractile response and Ca handling in cardiomyocytes from a cardiomyopathy model.

Soluble factors in COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-induced myocarditis causes cardiomyoblast hypertrophy and cell injury: a case report.

Background: Inflammation affecting the heart and surrounding tissues is a clinical condition recently reported following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. Assessing trends of these events related to immunization will improve vaccine safety surveillance and best practices for forthcoming vaccine campaigns. However, the causality is unknown, and the mechanisms associated with cardiac myocarditis are not understood.

The retinoic acid response is a minor component of the cardiac phenotype in H9c2 myoblast differentiation.

The H9c2 myoblast cell line, isolated from the left ventricular tissue of rat, is currently used in vitro as a mimetic for skeletal and cardiac muscle due to its biochemical, morphological, and electrical/hormonal signaling properties. During culture, H9c2 cells acquire a myotube phenotype, where a critical component is the inclusion of retinoic acid (RA). The results from some authors on H9c2 suggested that thousands of genes respond to RA stimuli, while others report hundreds of genes responding to RA over different cell types.

Gut microbial composition and functionality of school-age Mexican population with metabolic syndrome and type-2 diabetes mellitus using shotgun metagenomic sequencing.

Gut metagenome in pediatric subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been poorly studied, despite an alarming worldwide increase in the prevalence and incidence of obesity and MetS within this population. The objective of this study was to characterize the gut microbiome taxonomic composition of Mexican pediatric subjects with MetS and T2DM using shotgun metagenomics and analyze the potential relationship with metabolic changes and proinflammatory effects. Paired-end reads of fecal DNA samples were obtained through the Illumina HiSeq X Platform.

Synthesis and Characterization of Rutile TiO Nanoparticles for the Toxicological Effect on the H9c2 Cell Line from Rats.

The widespread use of titanium dioxide (TiO) has raised concerns about potential health risks associated with its cytotoxicity in the cardiovascular system. To evaluate the cytotoxicity of TiO particles, the H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts were used as a biological model, and their toxicological susceptibility to TiO-anatase and TiO-rutile particles was studied in vitro. The study examined dose and time exposure responses.

Therapeutic Effects of WT1 Silencing via Respiratory Administration of Neutral DOPC Liposomal-siRNA in a Lung Metastasis Melanoma Murine Model.

The lungs represent a frequent target for metastatic melanoma as they offer a high-oxygen environment for tumor development. The overexpression of the WT1 protein has been associated with the occurrence of melanoma. In this study, we evaluated the effects of silencing the WT1 protein by siRNA in both in vitro in the B16F10 melanoma cell line and in vivo in a murine model of lung metastatic melanoma.

Targeting the mitochondrial Ca uniporter complex in cardiovascular disease.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the leading cause of death worldwide, share in common mitochondrial dysfunction, in specific a dysregulation of Ca uptake dynamics through the mitochondrial Ca uniporter (MCU) complex. In particular, Ca uptake regulates the mitochondrial ATP production, mitochondrial dynamics, oxidative stress, and cell death. Therefore, modulating the activity of the MCU complex to regulate Ca uptake, has been suggested as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of CVDs.

A cross-sectional study evidences regulations of leukocytes in the colostrum of mothers with obesity.

Background: Breastmilk is a dynamic fluid whose initial function is to provide the most adapted nutrition to the neonate. Additional attributes have been recently ascribed to breastmilk, with the evidence of a specific microbiota and the presence of various components of the immune system, such as cytokines and leukocytes. The composition of breastmilk varies through time, according to the health status of mother and child, and altogether contributes to the future health of the infant.

Estrogen signaling as a bridge between the nucleus and mitochondria in cardiovascular diseases.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Epidemiological studies indicate that pre-menopausal women are more protected against the development of CVDs compared to men of the same age. This effect is attributed to the action/effects of sex steroid hormones on the cardiovascular system.

Association of irisin levels with cardiac magnetic resonance, inflammatory, and biochemical parameters in patients with chronic heart failure versus controls.

Background And Aims: Chronic heart failure (CHF) represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Metabolic maladaptation has proven to be critical in the progression of this condition. Preclinical studies have shown that irisin, an adipomyokine involved in metabolic regulations, can induce positive cardioprotective effects by improving cardiac remodeling, cardiomyocyte viability, calcium delivery, and reducing inflammatory mediators.

A Systematic Review of the Mechanisms Involved in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Cardiotoxicity and Challenges to Improve Clinical Safety.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are monoclonal antibodies that block CTLA-4, PD-1, or PD-L1 and induce the activation of the immune system against cancer. Despite the efficacy of ICIs, which has improved the oncotherapy for patients with a variety of malignancies, several immune-related adverse events (irAEs) have been described, including those affecting the heart. Cardiac irAEs after ICI therapies, including myocarditis, can become life-threatening, and their pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear.

Prediction of Insulin Resistance Based on Anthropometric and Clinical Variables in Children with Overweight or Obesity at a Tertiary Center in Northeast Mexico.

This study provides a clinical model to identify children with insulin resistance (IR) in health care units where laboratory tests are not readily available. A retrospective study of Mexican children aged 2-16 years at an obesity (OB) clinic. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the accuracy of the proposed model consisting of clinical parameters and to establish the cutoff value for the variables (439 children).

Exposome and foetoplacental vascular dysfunction in gestational diabetes mellitus.

A balanced communication between the mother, placenta and foetus is crucial to reach a successful pregnancy. Several windows of exposure to environmental toxins are present during pregnancy. When the women metabolic status is affected by a disease or environmental toxin, the foetus is impacted and may result in altered development and growth.

Classic and Novel Sex Hormone Binding Globulin Effects on the Cardiovascular System in Men.

In men, 70% of circulating testosterone binds with high affinity to plasma sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), which determines its bioavailability in their target cells. In recent years, a growing body of evidence has shown that circulating SHBG not only is a passive carrier for steroid hormones but also actively regulates testosterone signaling through putative plasma membrane receptors and by local expression of androgen-binding proteins apparently to reach local elevated testosterone concentrations in specific androgen target tissues. Circulating SHBG levels are influenced by metabolic and hormonal factors, and they are reduced in obesity and insulin resistance, suggesting that SHBG may have a broader clinical utility in assessing the risk for cardiovascular diseases.

Resveratrol Prevents Right Ventricle Dysfunction, Calcium Mishandling, and Energetic Failure via SIRT3 Stimulation in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by pulmonary vessel remodeling; however, its severity and impact on survival depend on right ventricular (RV) failure. Resveratrol (RES), a polyphenol found in red wine, exhibits cardioprotective effects on RV dysfunction in PAH. However, most literature has focused on RES protective effect on lung vasculature; recent finding indicates that RES has a cardioprotective effect independent of pulmonary arterial pressure on RV dysfunction, although the underlying mechanism in RV has not been determined.

Hyaluronate Functionalized Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Loaded with Carboplatin Enhance Cytotoxicity on Human Cancer Cell Lines.

Cancer is a major global public health problem and conventional chemotherapy has several adverse effects and deficiencies. As a valuable option for chemotherapy, nanomedicine requires novel agents to increase the effects of antineoplastic drugs in multiple cancer models. Since its discovery, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are intensively investigated for their use as carriers in drug delivery applications.