3-Day food record: efficacy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of the 3-day food records in monitoring and enhancing dietary habits among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: A total of 49 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled, with 38 completing the study. Participants were instructed to record their food intake over 3 consecutive days every 2 months.

CAPTURE: A cross-sectional study on the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in adults with type 2 diabetes in Italy.

Background And Aims: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Italy is increasing and cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents the leading cause of death in this population. CAPTURE was a multinational, multicentre, non-interventional, cross-sectional study assessing the prevalence of CVD, atherosclerotic CVD (AsCVD) and CVD subtypes among patients with T2D, across 13 countries. Here we report the results from Italy.

Lipohypertrophy in Elderly Insulin-Treated Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: The number of older adults with insulin-treated diabetes mellitus (DM) is steadily increasing worldwide. Errors in the insulin injection technique can lead to skin lipohypertrophy (LH), which is the accumulation of fat cells and fibrin in the subcutaneous tissue. While lipohypertrophic lesions/nodules (LHs) due to incorrect insulin injection techniques are very common, they are often flat and hardly visible and thus require thorough deep palpation examination and ultrasonography (US) for detection.

Insulin-Induced Skin Lipohypertrophy in Type 2 Diabetes: a Multicenter Regional Survey in Southern Italy.

Introduction: Lipohypertrophies (LHs) due to incorrect insulin injection techniques have been described in the literature for decades. Their rate averages 38%, but this is still controversial because of the vast range reported by different publications, most of which fail to describe the selected detection protocol and therefore are not entirely reliable. We still need to identify the real LH rate, and only consistently using a standardized method in a large cohort of insulin-treated (IT) patients make this possible.

A randomized, open-label, comparative, crossover trial on preference, efficacy, and safety profiles of lispro insulin u-100 versus concentrated lispro insulin u-200 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a possible contribution to greater treatment adherence.

Background: Several outstanding pharmacological advances making innovative drugs sophisticateddevices available during the last few years. Nevertheless too many patients still disappointingly fail to meetthe metabolic targets suggested by current guidelines. Incorrect insulin administration techniques may greatly affect metabolic control in T2DM people.

The Italian Diabetes and Exercise Study (IDES): design and methods for a prospective Italian multicentre trial of intensive lifestyle intervention in people with type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome.

Background And Aims: The IDES is a prospective Italian multicentre randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of an intensive lifestyle intervention on modifiable cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in a large cohort of people with type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome.

Methods And Results: We recruited 606 subjects with type 2 diabetes and waist circumference >94 cm (M) and >80 cm (F), plus >1 other metabolic syndrome trait (IDF criteria) for both sexes, aged 40-75 years, BMI 27-40 kg/m(2), diabetes duration >1 year with a sedentary lifestyle of >6 months. Patients were randomized into two groups: a control group, receiving conventional care including exercise counselling and an intervention group, treated with a mixed (aerobic and resistance) exercise programme (150 min/week) prescribed and supervised for 12 months.

Blood glucose changes in diabetic children and adolescents engaged in most common sports activities.

Circulating insulin levels decrease and substrate glycogenolysis-mediated conversion into glucose increases just a few minutes after normal subjects start exercising, but during sustained physical activity muscles massively utilize blood glucose, thus causing glycogenolysis to increase further until the end of the session. After that, in order to get liver and muscle glycogen stores up to pre-exercise levels again, blood glucose is mostly utilized, thus causing late-onset hypoglycaemia in the absence of any extra carbohydrate supply and rebound hyperglycaemia after a while. This and other patho-physiological mechanisms are dealt with in the present paper, and practical hints are provided to the clinician to cope with children-specific adaptation phenomena to exercise in t1DM.